NORMAL MODE vs PARABOLIC EQUATION AND THEIR APPLICATION IN TONKIN GULF

Abstract

Normal Mode (NM) and Parabolic Equation (PE) have been used widely by
Underwater Acoustic Community due to their effectiveness. In this paper, author
investigates NM and PE in term of their mathematical approach as well as their
computation. Further, Tonkin Gulf has been modeled and simulated using both
of NM and PE. The simulation results show that there are the agreement and the
reliability between both methodologies.