Probabilistic Analysis of Anti-Jamming Frequency Hopping in Backscatter IoT Networks

Tóm tắt

Backscatter communication is a promising technology for ultra-low-power Internet of Things (IoT) networks, but its weak reflected signals are highly vulnerable to intentional jamming. This paper proposes a Probabilistic Anti-jamming Frequency Hopping (PA-FH) framework for Backscatter IoT systems. Instead of using static channel access or uniform random hopping, PA-FH assigns channel selection probabilities according to long-term channel quality and interference statistics. An entropy-regularized probability design is further introduced to balance channel exploitation and hopping randomness. Analytical expressions for the SINR distribution, outage probability, expected throughput, hopping gain, and energy efficiency are derived and validated by Matlab Monte Carlo simulations. The results show that PA-FH improves both reliability and throughput under jamming. At an SNR of 15 dB, PA-FH achieves about 454 kbit/s, corresponding to approximately 53% and 11% throughput gains over no anti-jamming and uniform random hopping, respectively. When jammer power increases from 20 to 30 dBm, the outage probability of PA-FH remains low, rising only from about 2.9% to 3.9%. The corrected hopping gain GH = ηPA-FH/ηRCH remains greater than one for all tested channel numbers, confirming the advantage of PA-FH over uniform hopping. These results demonstrate that PA-FH provides a lightweight and effective anti-jamming solution for resource-constrained Backscatter IoT networks.