An Agent-Based Model for Simulating the Interactions of Tigers, Leopards, and Wild Boars to Support Wildlife Conservation Planning

Tóm tắt

Wildlife conservation is a pressing global concern, with the need to create and manage protected areas where multiple species can coexist without facing the threat of extinction. In this paper, we proposed an Agent-Based Model that simulates the interactions and life activities of tigers, leopards, and wild boars within a 400 km2 area, approximately the area of standard conservation. The model incorporates the three animal species' physical characteristics and behavioral traits to analyze their mutual influence within the environment. The emergence results indicate that changes in the wild boar population size affect the survival of tigers and leopards, with population increases or decreases in one species impacting the others. Moreover, when tigers or leopards become dominant in population size, they consume more wild boar, leading to increased competition and potential extinction of the other species. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of the non-uniform distribution of plant food resources in conservation areas, emphasizing that wild boar food resources should occupy at least 70% of the site. These findings are valuable for understanding ecological dynamics, informing conservation area design, and predicting scenarios requiring human intervention to maintain species balance. This is one of the first studies to utilize an Agent-Based Model to research the activities of animal species, thereby aiding in the construction of conservation areas.