Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and Prevalence of Common Bacterial Pathogens in Clinical Samples: A 2020-2024 Study at Hai Phong International Hospital

Abstract

This study analyzed the results of microbiological tests conducted on a total of 9,133 clinical samples collected between 2020 and 2024 at Hai Phong International General Hospital. The aim is to evaluate antibiotic resistance patterns among common bacterial pathogens and their clinical implications. The data shows a significant prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains, particularly in Escherichia coli, which emerged as the most frequently isolated pathogen in both urinary infections and bloodstream infections, accounting for 69.44% and 48.12% of isolates, respectively. The study also finds Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus as notable pathogens contributing to various infections. Antibiotic sensitivity testing revealed that carbapenems such as ertapenem (94.50%), imipenem (91.40%), and meropenem (91.00%) demonstrated high efficacy against resistant strains. Ceftriaxone (92.60%) and linezolid (98.10%) also showed strong activity against susceptible strains. Among fluoroquinolones, moxifloxacin (91.10%) was the most effective, while ciprofloxacin (48.60%) and levofloxacin (62.20%) showed moderate effectiveness. Furthermore, the distribution of antibiotic resistance mechanisms was examined, revealing 709 cases of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) production in E. coli, highlighting the pressing issue of multidrug resistance. Staphylococcus aureus isolates totaled 1,307, with 325 classified as Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), underlining the dual threat posed by resistant strains. Overall, the findings underscore the predominance of E. coli in clinical infections, alongside significant resistance patterns among common pathogens. The results advocate for vigilant antibiotic stewardship, emphasizing the need for regular monitoring of resistance trends to inform treatment strategies and enhance patient outcomes in the healthcare setting.