Heat-resilient cities based on green infrastructure: a review and recommendations for Vietnam

Abstract

The development of heat-resilient cities incorporating green infrastructure plays an important role in enhancing thermal resilience and improving the quality of the urban environment. However, implementation remains limited due to the lack of a comprehensive scientific foundation. This study provides an overview of successful heat-adaptive urban typology based on green infrastructure through a systematic review, synthesis, and analysis of scientific literature from academic databases. The reviewed models are classified into five main groups: (i) climate-responsive urban design; (ii) biophilic and ecological urban development; (iii) green-blue infrastructure and sponge city approaches; (iv) heat-adaptive urban spatial structure models; and (v) walkable and low-car urban models. The advantages and limitations of each model are identified, providing a scientific basis for applying appropriate approaches to urban planning and development in Vietnam.