Factors affecting fertility: An interdisciplinary approach and practical implications for Vietnam

Abstract

Using a literature synthesis and analysis approach, this study classifies the factors affecting fertility into three main groups: socio-economic, biological-medical, and psychological-spiritual, while clarifying the mechanisms through which each group influences reproductive behavior. An interdisciplinary approach facilitates the integration of these factor groups within a unified analytical framework, reflecting the complexity of fertility decisions in a transforming society. The processes of industrialization, urbanization, and migration in Vietnam have produced significant changes in fertility patterns, manifested in delayed marriage and childbearing, increased rates of abortion, and infertility. At the same time, shifts in values, beliefs regarding children, and individualized lifestyles also strongly affect reproductive behavior. The study emphasizes the pivotal role of an interdisciplinary approach in providing a scientific basis for adjusting population policies appropriately. Standardizing and integrating data within the digital transformation process constitute a foundation for developing effective and sustainable population policies, particularly in the context of declining fertility in Vietnam.