URBAN FINANCE AND RESOURCE MOBILIZATION MECHANISMS FOR CLIMATE-RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE IN MOUNTAINOUS CITIES OF CAO BANG: THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL AND INTER-REGIONAL COOPERATION

Abstract

Mountainous cities in Cao Bang Province are increasingly exposed to extreme climate risks, while their urban financial capacity remains limited and highly dependent on central government transfers. This paper examines the current state of urban finance, investment needs for climate-resilient infrastructure and resource mobilization mechanisms from public budgets, private sector participation, public-private partnerships (PPP), official development assistance (ODA) and international climate finance. It further analyzes the strategic role of international, inter-regional and cross-border cooperation in river basin management, sustainable infrastructure development and enhancing the resilience of mountainous urban areas. The study proposes a strategic framework and roadmap for mobilizing, allocating and effectively utilizing financial resources for climate-resilient urban development in Cao Bang in the long term.