HUIT Journal of Science

STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF EXTRACTION METHODS ON CHLOROPHYLL RECOVERY FROM Ceratophyllum submersum ALGAE

2026-03-16T10:30:14+07:00

This study aimed to obtain the total chlorophyll content from Ceratophyllum submersum L. using three extraction methods, including maceration (static soaking), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of these three extraction methods in obtaining chlorophyll from C. submersum. The chlorophyll content of 0.176 mg/g dry weight was achieved by macerating using 80% ethanol as the solvent at 50 °C for 4 hours. The extraction was done using a microwave that assisted with a 1:30 (w/v) material-to-solvent ratio, 360 W, and a 5-minute extraction time, obtaining a chlorophyll content of 0.181 mg/g dry weight. The UAE method required a power of 262.5 W for 20 minutes, resulting in a chlorophyll content of 0.147 mg/g dry weight. According to the results, MAE was superior to both maceration and UAE in obtaining chlorophyll from C. submersum.

RESEARCH ON STABILITY AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ACEROLA JUICE USING FREEZE CONCENTRATION AND EMULSION

2026-03-16T10:30:17+07:00

Acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) is one of the best sources of vitamin C and natural bioactive compounds. Concentrating and forming W/O emulsions containing acerola juice helps improve applicability and diversify food products. This study used freeze concentration and spontaneous emulsification methods. The number of concentration stages, the appropriate freezing times, and factors affecting emulsion properties, such as emulsifier ratio, concentrate ratio, and stirring speed, have been studied. Selected results from the previous experiment will be used consistently in the following experiments. The results showed suitable conditions for concentrating acerola juice were 3 stages of concentration with a freezing time of 24, 36, and 60 hours, respectively. W/O emulsion created from 40% concentrate and 10% PGPR in the oil phase, stirred at 700 rpm for 15 min, had high stability with a viscosity of 39.44 ± 0.58 mPas. The content of biologically active compounds such as TPC, TFC, and vitamin C was found to be 24.28 ± 0.26 mgGAE/g, 33.94 ± 1.84 mgQE/100 g, and 34.95 ± 0.74 mgAAE/g, respectively. Antioxidant capacity, determined by the DPPH free radical scavenging method, was 64.83 ± 1.07%. The research results indicated that the W/O emulsion containing acerola juice produced by the concentration and spontaneous emulsification method was stable and contains high levels of bioactive compounds, making it applicable in the food industry.

INVESTIGATION OF SOME FACTORS AFFECTING THE EXTRACTION OF POLYPHENOL AND FLAVONOID COMPOUNDS FROM Ruellia tuberosa L.

2026-03-17T01:56:22+07:00

Ruellia tuberosa, a tropical perennial plant, belongs to the family Acanthaceae and contains many bioactive compounds such as phenolics, flavonoids, triterpenoids, lignans, sterols, etc... Almost all parts of the plant can be used to benefit human health. This study investigated the source of raw materials, the effect of pretreatment methods on extraction and the extraction process to obtain antioxidant compounds from Ruellia tuberosa. The results show that the roots of Ruellia tuberosa contain a dry matter content of 69.22% and, a moisture content of 30.78%, and an ash content of 6.79%. In addition, the appropriate method of pre-treatment of raw materials is to dry the raw materials at a temperature of 60 °C in 4 h. Concentration of cellulase enzyme used 0.8% (v/w) and hydrolysis time is 60 minutes. The suitable extraction conditions were ethanol concentration of 50%, extraction time of 40 min at 50 °C gave polyphenol content of 10.20±0.28 mgGAE/g dry matter and flavonoid content of 4.05±0.24 mgQE/g dry matter. Research on extracting and collecting biologically active substances with antioxidant capacity from Ruellia tuberosa aims to consolidate and provide more valuable scientific information, thereby helping to exploit and use raw materials in practice more effectively.

NATURAL PIGMENT POWDER FROM Acalypha wilkesiana LEAVES VIA SPRAY DRYING: PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION

2026-03-17T01:55:20+07:00

Leaves of Acalypha wilkesiana are a rich source of anthocyanins and polyphenols; however, their applications in food technology remain underexplored. This study aimed to extract these bioactive compounds using ultrasound-assisted extraction with an ethanol–water solvent system and to investigate the spray-drying process for producing natural pigment powders. The pigments obtained were evaluated for their physicochemical characteristics, as well as anthocyanin and polyphenol contents. Optimal spray-drying conditions were identified as 10% maltodextrin (w/w relative to extract), an inlet temperature of 120 °C, and a feed rate of 360 mL/h. Under these parameters, the pigment powder exhibited a vibrant red color with anthocyanin and polyphenol recovery efficiencies of 88,91% and 60,55%, respectively. The final product contained 36,44 mg GAE/g of polyphenols and 91,23 mg Cy3Glu/100 g of anthocyanins. HPLC-DAD-MS analysis identified cyanidin-3-O-(2''-galloyl-β-galactopyranoside) as the predominant anthocyanin compound. The pigment powders extracted from A. wilkesiana leaves should be evaluated for both acute and chronic toxicity, and tested on animal models or cell cultures to determine their suitability for use in industries such as cosmetics, food, and pharmaceuticals.

EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF DRYING SIZE AND DRYING TEMPERATURE ON THE QUALITY OF THE ROOT POWDER OF Asparagus officinalis

2026-03-16T10:30:28+07:00

The roots of asparagus have great potential for food applications. Drying is one of the most popular methods to process asparagus roots after harvest. In this study, we investigated the effects of drying size and drying temperature on the quality of the root powder of asparagus. The results show that sample size directly affects drying time; the 2 mm sample had a drying time shorter than 10 and 50 mm. In addition, the drying temperature of 70 °C resulted in dried powder with higher phenolic content and antioxidant activity than the temperature of 40-60 °C. The findings indicate that asparagus roots with a size of 2 mm, a drying temperature of 70 °C, have the shortest drying time, 3.5 hours, total phenolic content of 11.35 mg gallic acid/g, and antioxidant activity reached 4.49 µmol Trolox/g dry matter.

STUDY OF CREATING BETACYANIN POWDER FROM Beta vulgaris BY SPRAY DRYING METHOD AND APPLICATION IN CUSTARD PRODUCTS

2026-03-16T10:30:30+07:00

This study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting the process of betacyanin powder, which was extracted from Beta vulgaris - a food coloring agent with antioxidant properties, and its application in custard cakes. The process of betacyanin powder was carried out by using a spray drying technique. This study aimed to investigate the effects of maltodextrin (MD), gum arabic (GA), the combination of MD+GA at concentrations of 15, 20, and 25% (w/v) and the inlet air temperature of spray drying (145, 155, 165, and 175 ^oC), the feeding flow rates (4, 5, 6, and 7 mL/min). Betacyanin powder was applied to custard cakes with the ratios of wheat flour and betacyanin powder (95:05, 90:10, 85:15, and 80:20 w/w. The results showed that the highest values of recovery efficiency, the betacyanin content and the antioxidant capacity 79.400%, 63.587 mg/g and 83.443% were successfully obtained at MD concentration of 20% w/v, inlet air temperature of 155°C, and the feeding flow rate at 5mL/min. Under those conditions, the betacyanin powder was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and it is confirmed that the microparticles were present in large quantities, had spherical shapes, and were fairly uniform in size. Besides, when examined by FTIR spectroscopy of betacyanin powder showed the appearance of 4 typical absorbing peaks of betacyanin as 3362.53, 1634.03, 1384.38, and 1024.32 cm^-1corresponding to the functional groups as -OH, C=O, C=C and aromatic rings. The custard cakes with betacyanin powder added were evaluated by the goods comparison method at the ratio of 90:10 w/w, which showed the best result. It could be concluded that betacyanin powder could be created successfully and its application to some food products could be studied more.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF PICKLED LOTUS ROOT PRODUCTS IN GIANG THANH DISTRICT, KIEN GIANG PROVINCE

2026-03-16T10:30:33+07:00

This study aimed to investigate factors influencing the quality of pickled lotus root products in Giang Thanh district, Kien Giang province, including temperature and blanching time prior to pickling; initial salt concentration in the fermentation liquid; fermentation temperature; initial density of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum bacteria. The results of the study showed that when blanching lotus roots at 80 ^oC for 30 seconds, the initial NaCl salt concentration was 4% and the fermentation temperature was 30 ^oC and the initial density of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum bacteria added to the fermentation liquid was 10⁷ CFU/g, the product had good hardness and brightness, high acid content, pH met the standards of pickled vegetables and fruits, and the product had the best quality.

PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF EDIBLLE FILM FROM OXIDIZED TARO STARCH AT DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

2026-03-16T10:30:35+07:00

This study presents the results of the physicochemical characterization of edible film from matrix oxidized taro starch (OTS) at different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. The oxidation degree (DO) value increased from 1.22 to 1.59% when increasing hydrogen peroxide concentration from 1 to 4%. FTIR spectra of OTS appear to peak at 1730 cm^-1 matching to the oscillation of the C=O group, indicating that the oxidation reaction occurred, and the area of this absorption peak increased when the DO value of OTS increased. SEM images show that the OTS edible films have a smooth, flat, uniform surface, components are evenly dispersed, and the consistent structure layer increases with increasing hydrogen peroxide concentration. Tensile strength, and longation at break values increased while water vapor permeability values decreased when increasing hydrogen peroxide concentration.

SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION FOR THE QUANTIFICATION OF FORMALDEHYDE IN TOFU BY ULTRAVIOLET-VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY

2026-03-16T10:30:37+07:00

Tofu is regarded as one of the healthiest foods because it contains a high level of protein whose quality is comparable to that of animal protein. Formaldehyde functions as an antibacterial agent by slowing down bacterial activity in protein-rich foods. As a result, it reacts with food proteins and helps extend shelf life. However, when formaldehyde enters the human body, it is mutagenic and carcinogenic, meaning that it can stimulate the development of cancer cells and lead to genetic defects. Thus, in this study, we developed and validated the method for the quantification of formaldehyde in tofu by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy in Quy Nhon Nam ward - Gia Lai. This research was conducted in July 2023. Formaldehyde contamination in tofu was quantified using UV–Vis spectroscopy. In quantitative analysis, samples were measured with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 572.0 nm. The results showed that the samples contained formaldehyde levels of 0.88 ppm, 0.79 ppm, 0.83 ppm, 0.94 ppm, 1.06 ppm, 0.57 ppm, 0.46 ppm, 0.90 ppm, 1.13 ppm, and 0.16 ppm respectively.

METHOD EVALUATION FOR RESIDUE DETERMINATION OF CERTAIN PESTICIDES IN SOIL AND VEGETABLES, TUBERS, FRUITS USING THE QUECHERS TECHNIQUE IN COMBINATION WITH GC-MS/MS

2026-03-16T10:30:40+07:00

This research shows a tried-and-true way to simultaneously measure six different pesticides (cypermethrin, BHC (alpha), fenpropathrin, heptachlor, ethion, and 4,4'-DDT) in soil, fruits, vegetables, and tubers at the same time. The method adheres to the AOAC and SANTE/2019/12682 guidelines for validation. We employed the QuEChERS extraction technique, followed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The method showed a large linear range (10–100 µg/L) for three different matrices: n-hexane solvent, mustard greens, and tomato. There were very few matrix effects (<20%) in any of the matrices. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was low, ranging from 0.011 to 0.032 mg/kg. The method met the AOAC criteria for accuracy and precision, with recovery rates between 80% and 110% and relative standard deviations (RSDr) below 15%. Therefore, this validated method provides a reliable and sensitive tool for the simultaneous analysis of these pesticides in agricultural and environmental samples.

PHYSIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND OCCURRENCE OF ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT BACTERIA WITH ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT GENES IN WELL WATER AROUND BINH DAI DISTRICT – BEN TRE PROVINCE

2026-03-16T10:30:43+07:00

Antibiotic resistance has become a global concern for human health. Many previous studies have identified the presence and prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes in domestic water, surface water, wastewater, and other water sources. However, the presence of bacteria containing antibiotic resistance genes in well water has not been extensively investigated. In this study, the quality of well water from 7 communes in Binh Dai district, Ben Tre province was preliminarily evaluated based on physicochemical and microbiological parameters. Physicochemical analysis revealed that most well water samples were acidic (pH < 7), and only well water in Chau Hung and Phu Thuan communes met domestic water standards according to QCVN 02:2009/BYT for the parameters in survey. Microbiological analysis showed that the total aerobic heterotrophic bacteria in well water ranged from 50.0 ± 2.0 CFU/L to 142.3 ± 9.9 CFU/L. Water samples from Thoi Thuan commune showed the highest antibiotic resistance rates of 27.9%, 28.9%, 11.7%, 21.4%, and 19.7% for ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefazolin, penicillin G, and tetracycline, respectively. Three multidrug-resistant bacterial strains were identified as Enterobacter cloacae, Bacillus cereus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Analysis revealed the presence of blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and tetM genes in the isolated bacteria. These preliminary results demonstrated the presence of bacteria harboring antibiotic resistance genes in well water, thereby providing important information for assessing the impact of antibiotic resistance status on public and human health.

THE INFLUENCE OF AI ON SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ACTIVITIES AND THE WORK OF LECTURERS IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN HO CHI MINH CITY

2026-03-16T10:30:45+07:00

Artificial intelligence (AI) applications are becoming increasingly popular, supporting faculty members in scientific research. However, public universities in Ho Chi Minh City have not yet been comprehensively and fully considered. This study uses a quantitative method and surveys 322 faculty members of public universities in Ho Chi Minh City who have applied AI in scientific research. It conducts Cronbach's alpha scale validation, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), composite reliability analysis (CR), total variance extracted (AVE), and structural equation modeling (SEM). The analysis results show that all six representative factors of AI application, including: AI support conditions (DK); AI experience habits (TQ); AI usage skills (KN); AI application policies (CS); AI application expectations (KV), The trend of AI application (XT) has a significant impact on the scientific research (NC) variable and simultaneously directly affects the work performance of lecturers (KQ). This study has proposed implications for enhancing the application of AI to improve the work performance of lecturers at public universities in Ho Chi Minh City.

A STUDY ON AESTHETICS AND ADHESION OF MAGNETS TOWARDS THE APPLICATION IN CLOTHES

2026-03-16T10:30:48+07:00

This study provides an overview of magnets and presents a test of sewing 4 types of Neodymium magnets with different specifications onto 2 different types of fabric to consider adhesion and aesthetics to find the most feasible solution. The magnet button No. 4 is covered in PVC, with a thickness of 2 mm and is found to be the most convenient solution for clothing. The size of button is also quite diverse and can be chosen depending on the size of the shirt closure (1.5; 1.8 or 2 cm), does not wrinkle the fabric or crease the shirt, and can be a viable alternative to regular shirt buttons. The tensile force measurement experiment also showed that the adhesion of button No. 4 is approximately the adhesion of a traditional snap button when sewn to fabric. The experimental results did not change significantly on two different fabrics: 100% cotton and CVC 60/40 (60% cotton, 40% polyester), GSM 180 g/m². This study is the premise for the next step of the research, which is to apply magnets to the design and sewing of clothing models for people with mobility difficulties or people who need convenience when changing clothes.

MINING HIGH AVERAGE UTILITY ITEMSETS WITH CORRELATION CONSTRAINT

2026-03-16T10:30:51+07:00

High utility itemset is a crucial concept in the itemset mining problem. To address the imbalance in utility between elements within an itemset, the concept of average utility has been proposed. However, some itemsets with high average utility still exhibit low element correlation, reducing their value for business analysis. To overcome this limitation, this paper proposes a method for mining high average utility itemsets that considers correlation through the CHAU (Correlated High Average Utility) algorithm. The research focuses on improving the formula for calculating the upper bound of average utility to increase candidate pruning capability, thereby improving the algorithm's processing performance. Experimental results comparing the proposed method with the state-of-the-art CoHAI algorithm across datasets with varying sparsity and density, including Chainstore, Kosarak, Retail, Accident, Mushroom, and Chess, show that the proposed method achieves better performance in both execution time and memory consumption.

CONVERSION OF HE-STAINED IMAGES TO IHC IMAGES USING THE FEYNMAN-KAC DIFFUSION METHOD

2026-03-16T10:30:53+07:00

In this study, we propose the Feynman Diffusion Generative Model for converting HE tissue images into IHC images, a result that supports physicians in developing breast cancer treatment plans. This method leverages Feynman techniques by exploiting the relationship between stochastic differential equations (SDEs) and partial differential equations (PDEs), an approach that has seen significant success in previous research on SDEs. Specifically, we represent the reverse diffusion process in the form of the Feynman-Kac formula, which facilitates the transformation from an SDE model to a corresponding PDE system to describe the recovery process from noisy states to real data. The use of PDEs enhances both the stability and accuracy of inference, while also optimizing the flow normalizing objective function related to the data distribution flow. Experimental results on the proposed model achieved a PSNR of 19.25 and an SSIM of 0.569, outperforming previously published methods on the BCI dataset.

A NOVEL METHODOLOGY TO IMPROVE POWER CONSUMPTION FOR ADDERS

2026-03-17T01:26:46+07:00

Adders are one of the important components of forming a computational system. Optimizing power consumption, speed and delay of adders has contributed to the economical and efficient use of energy. This paper proposes a general flow to implement the combinational logic circuits using Null Convention Logic (NCL) for asynchronous circuits. Carry Look Ahead (CLA) adder and Ripple Carry Adder (RCA) are chosen in order to illustrate the proposed flow. These adders are implemented by DC tool using conventional cell libraries. In addition, we also make the comparison of the implemented results of adders above by asynchronous and synchronous techniques. The synthesis results indicate that the power of the NCL designs decreases by 62.88% (RCA), and 75.09% (CLA) compared to the Boolean logic combinational designs.