A PROPOSED FRAME OF REFERENCE FOR RESEARCH OF SAME-DIFFERENCE IN CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION AND PRAGMATIC FAILURE IN INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION: REFERENCE OF IMPACT (COMMUNICATION) (ARTICLE 3)

  • Nguyen Quang VNU University of Languages and International Studies
Keywords: frame of reference, reference of impact, communication model

Abstract

Following articles 1 and 2 that review different approaches by different scholars and present the author’s ways for the reference direction of ‘Manifestation’ (culture) in what he terms ‘the 3-D approach’, this article focuses on the reference direction of ‘Impact’ (communication) with types of communication model presented (transmissional model, interactive model, transactional model), intercultural and EC models/paradigms/grids reviewed and classified (paradigmatic assumptions by Chen & An, process model of intercultural communication by Ting-Toomey & Chung, interpersonal/intercultural model by Gudykunst & Kim, SPEAKING model/grid by Hymes and EC model/grid by Saville-Troike). Comments on them are each made before the author’s own is to be given in the articles that follow.

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Published
2022-08-31
Issue
Vol. 38 No. 4 (2022)
Section
RESEARCH