Tạp chí Khoa học Kiến trúc & Xây dựng

Issues to note in managing and exploiting underground space in the context of Hanoi urban area

Nguyen Cong Giang, Nguyen Xuan Phuc — Tue, 23 Dec 2025 04:03:24 +0700

With the increase in urban population and rapid development of large cities, underground space has been increasingly emphasized as a solution to address the pressure on land use on the surface. Through reviewing international experiences from cities such as Tokyo, Helsinki, Singapore, and London, key factors for improving underground space development practices are discussed. Issues such as effective identification of co-location opportunities, successful integration of underground and surface developments, and the need for data availability are highlighted, and their implications for underground space planning are clarified. When these factors are understood and integrated into the process, the management of underground space exploitation in Hanoi can be improved and implemented in an efficient and sustainable manner.

Architectural characteristics of Thai den ethnic houses in Tram Tau, Yen Bai province

Khuat Tan Hung, Le Duy Thanh — Tue, 23 Dec 2025 04:19:32 +0700

Under the influence of socio-cultural factors and the environment, the housing of the Thai Den ethnic group in Tram Tau, Yen Bai province, has become a symbol of cultural diversity and architecture in the northern mountainous region of Vietnam. Up to now, although architectural features have undergone modifications to adapt to modern life, these structures still reflect the inheritance of longstanding traditional values through identifiable images and spaces serving the daily lives of the Thai Den people. It can be seen that with contributions to the architectural and cultural history treasure of Tram Tau, specifically, and the Northwest region in general, the stilt houses of the Thai Den people play an important role in sustainable development and the continuation of traditional architecture in the area. The article employs investigative methods, current situation surveys, historical investigations, and comparative methods to identify architectural characteristics of Thai Den ethnic houses in Tram Tau in relation to Thai ethnic houses in the Northwest region in general.

Real estate improvement at the area in-between the new urban area and the urbanized village

Hung Le Xuan — Tue, 23 Dec 2025 04:30:14 +0700

Expansion is a visible process in the city of Hanoi, a cause of the high population density and the high demand for housing and jobs. During this expansion, it is inevitably that new urban areas will be formed on agricultural areas, next to the existing villages. Naturally, these villages are caught up in this urban development, providing suitable real estate products for the majority of workers, mainly in the area adjacent to the new urban area by services, utilities, transportation and individual economic development opportunities. However, the fact that these formations are spontaneous, lack of synchronization, are a black point of social evils, directly affecting the prices of the quality of life and real estate in urban areas and village. Faced with this reality, this space needs to be researched in the direction of rationalizing functions, providing traffic synergies, especially space for livelihoods, harmonizing interests between communities.

Applying mother-of-pearl marquetry to modern interior materials technology

Lương Minh Thu — Tue, 23 Dec 2025 04:43:16 +0700

Mother-of-pearl marquetry is one of the crafts with artistic, cultural and historical value. The traditional mother-of-pearl marquetry technique is very sophisticated. Mother-of-pearl marquetry is often used as an interior decoration materials in traditional architecture,. However, the application of mother-of-pearl marquetry materials is quite limited in modern architecture and interiors in Vietnam. In many countries such as Japan, Italy, France, etc.. motherof-pearl-marquetry has been researched with advanced production technology to find new solutions in luxury interiors. This article is based on practice to propose some effective and suitable solutions for applying mother-of-pearl marquetry materials to modern interiors in Vietnam.

History and ways to carry out the process of monotype

Le Thi Thanh — Tue, 23 Dec 2025 04:56:26 +0700

Monotype (monoprint) is a unique print made by pressing paper against a painted or inked surface have inks but the pigment on the plate is usually insufficient to make another print. A monotype is a single impression from a printing surface that cannot be reused, the monotype is an intriguing hybrid among printmaking techniques. It is nei ther a print nor a painting but a unique combination of both. The method is ap tly named because it is one image (mono), painted or drawn with oil paint, waterbased paint, or printer's ink directly on a plate and then transferred to paper. The impression can be transferred by hand rubbing (with a rubbing tool or the hand), particularly if the work is painted on glass. Hand rubbing produces sensitive results on Vietnam Do paper. A monoprint, on the other hand, des ignates a special, often one-of-a-kind. This article is an overview of the development history and some monotype methods at printing factories from the past to present.

Reflection, transmission of QP- wave at an imperfect interface between two transversly isotropic elastic half-spaces

Do Xuan Tung — Tue, 23 Dec 2025 05:04:31 +0700

This work is concerned with the reflection and transmission of quasi-P wave incident at an imperfect interface between two transversely isotropic elastic halfspaces. First, the characteristic equation in the transversely isotropic halfspace is derived. The form of the incident, reflected, and transmitted waves are given. The linear spring model is used to describe the imperfection of bonding behavior at the interface. Then, from the interface conditions for two cases (perfect and imperfect interface), the displacement and stress are required to be satisfied. Reflection, transmission coefficients (RTC) have been derived analytically for when a longitudinal displacement wave strikes an imperfect interface. Finally, numerical examples are provided to show the effect of the imperfect interface and incident angle on the reflection and transmission coefficients.

FEM Limit Analysis of Beam Structures by Direct Method

Trần Ngọc Trình, Trần Ngọc Thắng — Tue, 23 Dec 2025 05:17:36 +0700

In this paper, we introduce a so-called direct method for the computation of limit loads of beam structures subjected to propotional loading. The forces acting on the beam structures are static. The material of beam is made of perfectly plastic elastic. There are two approaches based on fundamental theorems of limit analysis theory. This work presents a formulation which is based on upper bound approach combined with the von Mises yield criterion. After that an algorithm is given to find the limit load factor. The finite element method is used in this investigation. The method is illustrated by an example which is solved by both analytical and numerical methods.

Investigation of flexural-torsional buckling behavior of cold-formed structural channel columns

Vu Quoc Anh, Pham Ngoc Hieu — Wed, 24 Dec 2025 04:18:22 +0700

The paper investigates both the theory and experimental behavior of thinwalled columns under flexural-torsional buckling modes. The global buckling of these such columns can be categorized into flexural, torsional, and combined flexural-torsional modes, noting that torsional and combined flexural-torsional modes are less explored and more challenging to control in experiments compared to the pure flexural buckling mode. The paper aims to determine the elastic flexural-torsional buckling load theoretically and to set up experiments to observe and analyze the column's behavior under flexural-torsional buckling. The theoretical predictions are subsequently compared with experimental results to discuss and to thoroughly understand this flexuraltorsional buckling mode.

Characterization of damage mode II in compression-induced shear mortar prisms by acoustic emission technique

Tam Nguyen Tat — Wed, 24 Dec 2025 04:38:30 +0700

Acoustic Emission Technique (AET) has been conducted to classifydamages in cementitious specimens by applying RA method indicated in RILEM TC 212-ACD. However, the disadvantage of this method is that the percentages of damage modes (tensile and shear mode) are not quantified. It is also a topic of interest for recent researchers. This paper presents the compressioninduced shear experiment tests on three cement mortar prisms. After filtering the noise-related signals, RA methodwas executed to individual signalsto determine the damages proportion. The results showeda significant discrepancy between the two modes: tensile mode occupied in the specimens.

A numerical study on strengthening GFRP-reinforced concrete one-way slabs with openings using cfrp sheets

Ngoc Tan Nguyen, Anh Dung Tran, Van Trong Vu — Wed, 24 Dec 2025 05:06:26 +0700

Openings in concrete slabs offer architectural benefits but require careful consideration for maintaining structural integrity. Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) is considered a robust solution for enhancing the durability of reinforced concrete (RC) structures in challenging conditions. FRP can serve both as reinforcement and as strengthening material to provide a sufficient structural load capacity. This paper investigates the flexural performance of oneway concrete slabs with openings reinforced by glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars and strengthened with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets. Additionally, it aims to examine various factors influencing the performance of RC slabs and to evaluate the effectiveness of CFRP strengthening methods in enhancing the load-carrying capacity of slabs with openings. A parametric study using finite element analysis (FEA) is conducted, focusing on factors that influence structural capacity, including the compressive strength of concrete, GFRP reinforcement ratio, and the layout of CFRP sheets.

Some safety issues in construction of climbing formwork system in high - rise building construction in Vietnam

Trinh Xuan Vinh, Tran Tien Huynh — Wed, 24 Dec 2025 05:11:23 +0700

The paper presents some safety issues in the construction of climbing formwork systems in high-rise building construction in Vietnam. High-rise buildings impose stringent safety requirements on the implementation of climbing formwork systems. A specific safety plan must be in place, including identifying and eliminating potential hazards, providing adequate personal protective equipment, and ensuring compliance with industry safety regulations and standards. Safety practices in Vietnam adhere to the national technical standard QCVN 18:2021/BXD on Safety in Construction and draw from international organizations such as OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration of the United States), CEN (European Committee for Standardization), and Japan's guidelines on construction safety regulations. These references provide specific guidance and international standards for the construction of climbing formwork systems.

Evaluation of the ability of the random forest algorithm in machine learning for studying construction hydraulics

Nguyen Minh Ngoc, Bui Hai Phong — Wed, 24 Dec 2025 05:16:01 +0700

The Decision Tree and Random Forest algorithm is a "black box" prediction model, this algorithm is formed based on the "binary tree" structure. The study conducted an analysis of the structure of the Random Forest algorithm, built a process for analyzing and predicting a hydraulic factor using the regression algorithm. In particular, Pi theory is used to analyze and determine the objective function, thereby determining the input data fields for the Machine Learning model, coordinating experimental data with physical experimental model of the hydraulic jump in the trapezoidal channel. The study analyzed machine learning models according to Decision Tree and Random Forest algorithms, the research results showed good computational efficiency, strong correlation coefficient (R2 ≥ 0.9), other statistical indicators are very close to the ideal point (zero), the MAPE is from 3% to 6%. The study also shows that the Random Forest model has better prediction performance than the Decision Tree for the hydraulic factors of water jumping in an horizontal trapezoidal channel.

Standardizing the mathematical basis of spatial data in the construction of a pilot urban GIS database in Soc Trang province

Le Thi Minh Phuong, Vu Le Anh — Wed, 24 Dec 2025 05:20:13 +0700

Building a GIS urban database plays an important role in the process of developing smart cities. To have a complete urban database that contains a lot of information in many fields, it is necessary to collect data from many different sources. Information from many different sources must be standardized, in which spatial data must ensure the required mathematical basis. This article introduces a method of standardizing spatial data in coordinate form based on conversion parameterscasestudy in buildingplanning database of Soc Trang province. Themethod in this article brings high accuracy, economy, and supports the management of updating data into big data.

Current situation, perspectives, and innovative solutions for sustainable urban development in Vietnam

Bui Manh Hung, Lai Thi Hue — Wed, 24 Dec 2025 08:38:13 +0700

After more than 37 years of renovation, especially following 15 years of implementing the overall development orientation adjustment of Vietnam's urban system (approved in 2009), significant achievements have been made in the planning, construction, management, and development of urban areas in our country. The architectural landscape and construction architecture of urban areas have undergone many changes towards modernity, featuring unique characteristics, receiving numerous international awards, and engaging in exchanges with international architectural and cultural domains while still preserving its identity. However, Vietnam's urban system still faces several fundamental limitations regarding scope, quantity, planning, management, and habits due to various reasons. This article addresses: the current state of urban development, limitations, and causes of sustainable urban development; guiding perspectives, goals for sustainable urban development, and innovative solutions for sustainable urban development in Vietnam.

Risk management experience in Urban underground construction: Lessons for Vietnam

Bui Thi Ngoc Lan — Wed, 24 Dec 2025 08:48:21 +0700

In the world, urban underground works have been developing for a long time, particularly in countries like Russia and China, where underground urban structures are highly developed and complex. Vietnam's urbanization rate is increasing as the urban system grows in size, quality, and scale. Urban subterranean works in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, where the rate of urbanization is rapid, land finances are depleted, and traffic is congested, primarily include station systems, vehicle exit stations, subway parking, road traffic cellars, high-rise basements, commercial cultural centers, diverse technical underground systems, massive drainage systems, and civil defense buildings [1]. Urban underground construction involves the construction of underground works with numerous challenges, complexity, and high risk; thus, risk management is an essential and inseparable component of urban underground construction. The article investigates risk management practices in urban underground construction in Russia and China, with some lessons for Vietnam.

Social housing for workers and laborers in Ha Long city: status quo and solutions

To Thi Huong Quynh, Vu Phuong Ngan — Wed, 24 Dec 2025 08:55:21 +0700

Ha Long City, the administrative, political, cultural, commercial, tourism, and service center of Quang Ninh Province, is experiencing rapid growth and urbanization, attracting many investors to implement projects that transform both urban and rural landscapes. However, in contrast to this development, many disadvantaged groups in society, such as workers and low-income laborers, are facing difficulties in accessing housing projects. Recently, housing for these groups has not received adequate attention, and efforts to support the implementation of social housing projects and attract high-quality human resources are still facing many challenges. This study investigates the current state of social housing for workers and laborers in Ha Long City. Based on the findings, the authors propose several solutions to help address the existing shortcomings in the development of social housing in Ha Long.

Land fund for social housing development in hanoi city, current situation and challenges

Bui Quoc Thang, Nguyễn Thị Trang — Wed, 24 Dec 2025 09:02:24 +0700

Social housing is a special concern of the Party, State and Hanoi City. Over the years; Housing laws are issued relatively fully and synchronously, creating a favorable legal corridor to promote housing development in general, including social housing. However, the urbanization process is taking place strongly, at a fast pace, with economic development leading to an increasing demand for housing in cities and urban areas. The demands for social housing are very large while the supply accounts for a low proportion of the total housing area built, so it cannot meet the actual demands. One of the reasons leading to this situation is that the land fund for social housing development is not consistent with reality. Therefore, research examining the current status quo, regulations on social housing development and considering planning orientation to find appropriate solutions will be important at the present time.

Proposal for surface water drainage solutions to minimize flooding for Thai Nguyen city towards sustainable urban development

Phan Duc Hoang — Wed, 24 Dec 2025 09:05:20 +0700

The article summarizes and evaluates the current situation of planning, surface drainage infrastructure and the current status of urban drainage system management in Thai Nguyen city in the context of urbanization. The research object is within the scope of urban traffic routes and urban area projects (Projects) that have been and are being implemented. Based on reference to construction standards and criteria, the article proposes a number of planning and management solutions, constructing and developing drainage systems in a sustainable and environmentally friendly manner, contributing to the sustainable urban development of Thai Nguyen city.

Enhancing the quality of interior design education through improved data management processes

Trang Tran Ngoc Thanh — Wed, 24 Dec 2025 09:08:50 +0700

In the shift towards integrating information technology in higher education, this study focuses on enhancing interior design education through a novel data management model that supports both in-person and online learning. By tackling the inefficiencies of traditional data handling and leveraging advanced technologies, we've crafted a solution that merges a Learning Management System (LMS) with cloud storage, aiming to streamline the access, storage, and sharing of educational content. Tested in interior design courses at a Hanoi architecture university, the model demonstrated notable improvements in data management, fostering greater collaboration and interaction among students and teachers, and thereby, elevating educational quality. The findings suggest that this model not only addresses current educational challenges but also opens avenues for the broader application of IT in interior design education, indicating a promising direction for future enhancements in educational data management.

Research and test setup of open source platform apache hadoop and tesseract OCR for big data system in higher education environment

Duyen My Trinh, Trung Tran, Thang Tran Van, Thu Nguyen Xuan, Phong Hai Bui — Wed, 24 Dec 2025 09:15:43 +0700

This paper presents the research and experimental setup of an open-source Big Data and OCR system that leverages Apache Hadoop and Tesseract OCR. The primary objective is to digitize and securely store information technology documents, ensuring both efficient storage and accurate retrieval. The study evaluates the system’s effectiveness and applicability in practical environments. Results indicate that the proposed system significantly enhances document management by improving storage, access, and retrieval while streamlining workflow processes and reducing costs. The paper addresses various challenges encountered during implementation and proposes targeted improvements to enhance system performance, scalability, and adaptability. Moreover, future directions focus on refining data processing capabilities, boosting OCR accuracy, and expanding the system’s flexibility to handle a broader range of document types and sizes, making it a robust solution for large-scale document management tasks.