Tạp chí Khoa học Tài nguyên và Môi trường

01. A FIRST STEP IN APPLYING INDUSTRY 4.0 TECHNOLOGIES IN BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION OF MACRO MUSHROOM RESOURCES: BUILDING A DATABASE FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF VALUABLE MUSHROOM SPECIES FOR SOME REGIONS IN VIETNAM

Long Nguyen Thanh — 2024-01-10

In this era of Industry 4.0, the application of high technologies in the management of natural resources has become more popular and achieved certain successes. This paper presents the highly feasible applications of two technologies: (1) Big Data and (2) Cloud computing for the macrofungal resources biodiversity management, thereby building a pilot model for the management of some valuable macro mushroom resources in Vietnam. Technology 4.0 has facilitated the development of Big Data and Cloud computing techniques and applied them to increase efficiency in resources management (in general) and macrofungal biodiversity management (in particular). Specifically, the application of technological achievements helps managers accurately monitor the organism population's fluctuations, identify the harmful factors to this population, and promptly take remedial measures. In addition, management efficiency is also demonstrated through the identification of the distribution and conservation plan of precious mushroom genetic resources.

02. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LST, NDVI AND NDBI INDICATORS, AN INVESTIGATION USING LANDSAT IMAGES IN HOA BINH, VIETNAM

Dao Bui Thị Thuy — 2024-01-10

The study uses Landsat 8 OLI-TIRS satellite images to extract indices and Pearson correlation analysis techniques to evaluate the correlation in the distribution between land surface temperature LST), vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) in Hoa Binh province. The results indicate that areas with expansion and increased density of impermeable surfaces are characteristic causes contributing to increased temperatures in urban areas compared to surrounding areas and tend to be 5 - 7 °C higher than the average temperature of the entire study area. The correlation coefficient values reached r = - 0.96791, r = 0.9628, and r = -0.9352 for the relationship between LST-NDVI, LST-NDBI, and NDVI-NDBI respectively. The study results show inter-relationships and transformations of the three indicators in the research context, where urban land temperature and Urban Heat Island (UHI) are raised by built-up areas and in contrast, reduced by vegetated areas. As a result, urban green space would be a driver to mitigate the harmful impact of the "heat island" effect in urban areas. Aim to strengthen concentrated green areas and vegetation in land areas that are less favorable for construction.

03. ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION IN WATER AND SURFACE SEDIMENTS OF THE BA CHE RIVER ESTUARY, BAI TU LONG BAY, QUANG NINH PROVINCE

Thanh Dao Trung — 2024-01-10

Estuary sediments contain toxic heavy metals which can pollute coastal wetlands. Ba Che river estuary is a coastal wetland with an area of 2,844 ha, which is affected by wastes in Ba Che river water and aquacultures. In this study, the accumulation of heavy metals in the Ba Che river estuary was assessed based on the enrichment factor (EF), the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), and the ecological risk index (RI). Heavy metal concentrations were determined by the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, after completing mineralization by microwave-assisted digestion. Results of the research, all heavy metals were detected in water samples with mean concentrations of As, Pb, Hg, Cd, Cr, and Zn in were range of 0.7-2.0; 0.7-2.2; 0.3-0.5; 0.2-0.6, 0.9-4.0; 4.3-13.9 µg/l; and in sediment were range of 4.01-11.24; 9.83-27.85; 0.42-0.46; 0.46-0.67; 4.73-18.25; and 42.49-129.17 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. Besides, the mean metal concentration in the water samples increased in the following order: Zn<Pb<Cu<As<Cd<Hg. Calculation of different ecological contamination factors showed that Hg is the primary contribution to ecological risk index (RI) origins from anthropogenic and urbanization sources.

04. ASSESSING PUBLIC AWARENESS AND WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR HOUSEHOLD SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE HIEP HOA DISTRICT, BAC GIANG PROVINCE

Thuong Nguyen Thi Hoai — 2024-01-10

The amount of waste generated is increasing in both quantity and complexity, in line with the level of economic development, but the land area available for solid waste treatment is limited. Residents' attitudes and willingness to pay (WTP) regarding waste segregation at source and recycling were investigated in this study through a survey using questionnaires conducted in the Hiep Hoa district, Bac Giang province. These findings indicate that local people have a high level of environmental awareness. About 92.4 % of the respondents were satisfied with the current state of the environment and domestic solid waste management. The survey data showed a positive attitude toward segregating waste at the source in the Hiep Hoa district, with the majority of respondents (95.7 %) preferring to segregate their waste at home if required by the local government. More than half of the respondents (57.2 %) provided positive answers to WTP-related questions. The survey results confirmed the hypothesis that the probability of respondents saying 'yes' to the WTP question increases with education level, age, and bid, using logistic regression analysis. The average WTP was 53,440 VND/household/month. The findings of this study provide information on residents' awareness and WTP levels for solid waste management, which can be used by local governments to develop waste management solutions and promote sustainable household waste management by improving waste segregation at source and recycling.

05. BUILDING THEMATIC MAP USING UAV TECHNOLOGY FOR WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE PLANNING IN THE CASE STUDY OF HAI PHONG CITY

Hanh Hong Tran — 2024-01-10

Thematic maps are crucial representations that depict specific natural and socioeconomic phenomena. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) offer several advantages, including high resolution, accuracy, rapid image processing, easy 3D data creation, and cost-effectiveness. UAV technology is highly suitable for mapping small or inaccessible survey areas using direct measurement methods. This article aims to establish a thematic map using UAV technology for urban water supply and drainage planning, focusing on the case study of Le Chan district in Hai Phong city. The steps involve image capture, control point surveys, image block processing, thematic map establishment, and accuracy assessment. This resultant map for water supply and drainage planning will significantly contribute to effective and sustainable planning and exploitation of the case study in the near future.

06. ASSESSMENT OF THE BEARING CAPACITY OF THE MAIN RIVER SYSTEM IN NAM DINH PROVINCE

Kieu Tran Duy — 2024-01-10

The process of urbanization and industrialization in Nam Dinh province’s 10 districts and cities has led to many significant rivers being used for various purposes such as livestock farming, aquaculture, supplying water for clean water stations, and receiving wastewater, causing many river systems in the province to be altered, leading to the risk of imbalance and reduced self-purification and self-regeneration capacity of water sources in these rivers. This has increased the risk of water pollution and reduced the quality of surface water, resulting in a shortage of clean water for the daily lives of people in the province. The article has studied the application of the MIKE11-ECOLab model and correlation analysis method to assess the current situation of the wastewater receiving capacity of the central river system in Nam Dinh province. At the same time, it also analyzes and predicts the wastewater receiving capacity of the central river system in the province according to the trend of socio-economic development.

07. RESEARCH MODEL OF COLLECTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF HOUSEHOLD SOLID WASTE IN LAO CAI CITY, LAO CAI PROVINCE

Tuan Mai Quang — 2024-01-10

Along with Vietnam’s economic and social development, the amount of household solid waste generated from households is increasing. Classifying household solid waste at source will significantly reduce the load on household solid waste treatment stages. Lao Cai City has implemented the classification of household solid waste since 2016 and achieved very high efficiency. The classification of household solid waste has now become a habit of the people here. This study evaluates experiences in collecting and classifying household solid waste in Lao Cai City, Lao Cai province.

08. EFFECTS OF MANGROVE DENSITIES AND WIDTH ON WAVE TRANSMISSIONS BY OPEN-SOURCE MODELS

Tung Dao Hoang — 2024-01-10

The Mekong deltaic coasts have suffered from erosion and mangrove losses due to many relative threats in human activities, bringing to coastal instabilities. The massive and large number of constructions, such as sea dikes, revetments, and sea walls, tend to break the equilibrium in multiple locations along the coasts. As a result, a significant reduction of mangroves comes along in qualitative and quantitative variations, for example, the number of trees in one location and the healthy width of mangroves. An observation from Google Imagine Engine in multiple sites along the Mekong Deltal coasts shows an average width retreated from 2006 to 2016 was about 60 m. In this study, open-source models, SWAN and SWASH - Developed by Delft University of Technology, are implemented to assess the effect of density and width on wave transmission in Nhat Mat ward, Bac Lieu province, Vietnam. The present results show a significant influence of density on wave transmission, while the larger width of mangroves creates more damping space for waves. Moreover, wave reduction rates (Kt = Ht/Hi, where Hi and Ht are the incoming and transmission wave heights) are related to densities by the power fit. From these results, it is hypothesized that wave height reduction can be predicted via the density of mangroves.

09. APPLICATION DEEP LEARNING YOLOv8 MODEL FOR OBJECT DETECTION

Pham Thi Thanh Thuy — 2024-01-10

Detection of objects is a crucial aspect within the realm of computer vision, encompassing the identification and precise localization of objects within images or videos. This task holds significant importance in various applications, including but not limited to self-driving cars, robotics, and video surveillance systems. Throughout the years, numerous techniques and algorithms have been devised to detect objects within images and determine their spatial positions. The optimal performance in executing these tasks is achieved through the utilization of convolutional neural networks. Among the prominent neural networks designed for this purpose, YOLO stands out. Introduced in 2015 by Joseph Redmon, Santosh Divvala, Ross Girshick, and Ali Farhadi in their renowned research paper "You Only Look Once: Unified, Real-Time Object Detection," YOLO has become widely adopted. Since its inception, YOLO has undergone several iterations, with newer versions extending their capabilities beyond object detection. The latest release in this series is YOLOv8. In this article, the authors introduce a Deep Learning approach for object detection employing the YOLOv8 model. The testing outcomes reveal that the model attains a peak accuracy of 95 % for large and well-defined objects, whereas objects that are obscured and small in size exhibit an accuracy of 27.5 %.

10. KEY FACTORS DOMINATING THE GROUNDWATER CHEMICAL COMPOSITION IN BA RIA - VUNG TAU PROVINCE

Thanh Dong Uyen — 2024-01-10

In Ba Ria - Vung Tau province, this study has determined that the dominant factors influencing the hydro-chemical composition of fractured aquifers are the replenishment of meteoric water, coupled with the processes of dissolution and leaching of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ from weathered basaltic rocks (olivine and plagioclase minerals). Additionally, the exchange process contributes to the enrichment of Na⁺ by replacing Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺. In porous aquifers, the central-to-sea cross-section highlights meteoric water dominance from rain and surface sources. Groundwater undergoes exchange-absorption with silicate minerals, enriching Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ (reducing Na⁺). Seaward, dissolution and leaching of salts in marine-origin sediments (mQ₂, mQ₁³, mQ₁^2-3, and mN₂²) prevail. The results of this paper provide necessary information for the effective management of groundwater quality.

11. APPLICATION OF THE AHP MODEL TO ESTABLISH A LANDSLIDE PROBABILITY ZONING MAP IN A LUOI DISTRICT, THUA THIEN - HUE PROVINCE, VIETNAM

Hanh Nguyen Thi Thuy — 2024-01-10

A Luoi is a mountainous district of Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam, with rugged terrain, steep slopes, and many valleys. A Luoi district bears many risks of natural disasters such as storms, floods, droughts, and landslides yearly. This study applied the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) model with the GIS tool on the input database of Sentinel-2B Image, DEM, and geographic background data to evaluate the influence of 5 factors: slope, elevation, aspect, land cover, and vegetation to generate a landslide hazard zoning map, scale 1:50,000. The results show that the sites with a high risk of landslides are concentrated mainly in the communes of Hong Kim, Hong Ha, Son Thuy, Hong Thuong, Phu Vinh, and Huong Nguyen. Thereby helping people avoid and minimize vulnerabilities caused by landslides.

12. ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS OF LAND USE ON THE FLOW OF VU GIA - THU BON RIVER BASIN

Anh Nguyen Thi Lan — 2024-01-10

Water resources in the Vu Gia - Thu Bon river basin are under pressure due to population growth, socio-economic development, the impact of climate change, and land use change, which is also considered one factor that changes flow regimes in river basins. Therefore, the study “Assessing the impact of land use on the flow regime in the Vu Gia - Thu Bon river basin” is vital and urgent. This study utilized the GIS-based Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to simulate the flow of Vu Gia - Thu Bon river basin at two hydrological stations - Nong Son and Thanh My, during the calibration period (2004 - 2010) and the verification period (2011 - 2015). The evaluation results of both periods, as measured by the NSE and R2 indexes, were found to be above 0.75. Additionally, the study assessed the impact of land use on the flow regime based on two land use scenarios: One for 2015 and another for 2020, with the evaluation period spanning from 2004 to 2018. The study results showed that groundwater flow tends to decrease, while surface runoff tends to increase due to changes in land use. The forest land area in the basin, which accounts for over 93 % of the total land, only decreased by 1 %, while urban land area increased from 0.95 % to 1.53 %, and vacant land area increased from 1.58 % to nearly 3 %. However, the flow in the whole basin was generally not significantly affected.

13. APPLICATION OF UML LANGUAGE TO DESIGN LAND PRICE INFORMATION SYSTEM IN DAN PHUONG DISTRICT, HANOI CITY

Ngoc Bui Thi Cam — 2024-04-26

Land price is always an issue of concern to society because of its importance in all aspects of life. Currently, the construction of land price information systems is increasingly being developed. Dan Phuong district is a suburban district of Hanoi with a relatively fast development rate. The district still needs to build a land price information system. To make a highly applicable land price information system, designing and modeling the system is extremely important. Currently, there are many applications to create and model databases. For example, the UML language is a popular application that helps users visually identify architecture, design and deploy systems information as quickly as possible. UML is to provide the development community with a popular and stable design language that can be used to develop and build computer applications. UML provides a unified standard modeling notation that information technology professionals have wanted for many years. IT professionals can now read and disseminate system structures and design plans using UML. UML has become a standard modeling language because of its programming language independence. UML is used to design software and information systems in the form of common UML diagrams: use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, state diagrams, activity diagrams, component diagrams, and deployment diagrams. The research used case diagrams to design the land price information system functions and class diagrams to design the land price database. Therefore, we use UML language to create a land price information system and land price database for Dan Phuong district, Hanoi city.

14. APPLICATION OF “VBDLIS QUYHOACHKHSDĐ” SOFTWARE IN SUPPORTING THE BUILDING OF PLANNING DATABASE AND LAND USE PLAN OF QUANG BINH DISTRICT, HA GIANG PROVINCE

Nhan Tang Thi Thanh — 2024-04-26

Based on research and practice, this study has applied information technology to support the development of databases of planning and land-use plans, helping the State Management Agency of Land catch the information quickly, as well as complete the information system of planning and land-use plans for the construction of land databases in Quang Binh district, Ha Giang province. While conducting research, the authors used primary and secondary investigation, legacy method, method of information technology software application, and modeling method for building the database. Initially, the authors constructed a database of district planning and land-use plans. The study shows that the data and documents collected in Quang Binh district meet the requirements for building databases of planning and land-use plans. However, the collected data still needs to be standardized according to the provisions of Circular No. 75/2015/TT-BTNMT by using MicroStation V8i software and VBDLIS QUYHOACHKHSDĐ software to build and complete a database of planning and land-use plans [2]. The authors compared the software’s advantages and disadvantages to find solutions during practical application to improve the efficiency of Quang Binh district planning and land-use information data management and exploitation.

15. SCIENTIFIC BASIS IN USING LICHENS AS BIO-INDICATORS OF SO2 CONTENT IN THE AIR ENVIRONMENT IN SOME PROVINCES AND CITIES IN NORTH OF VIETNAM

Khac Hoang Ngoc — 2024-01-10

Scientific research using lichens as indicators of the air environment is carried out based on research results from around the world, as well as surveyed and collected data in Bac Ninh province (the northern of Vietnam). The results of studying the biological and ecological characteristics of lichens show that lichens have a fairly simple structure and connection between the constituent parts of lichens. The life of lichens is associated with many types of substrate and direct absorption of substances in the air environment. Therefore, lichens are easily affected by factors in the atmospheric environment and expressed through their biodiversity indicators. Research around the world has determined the species composition, physiological and biochemical characteristics of lichens related to atmospheric environmental factors. Since then, there have been studies using lichens as indicator organisms to assess air quality. In Vietnam, research results in Bac Ninh province show that the correlation between the AQI_SO₂ index and lichen coverage in habitats has a fairly close linear relationship and a negative correlation through the correlation coefficient R = -0.881. The diversity indices (d, H', J') of lichens have a less close linear relationship with the AQI_SO₂ index as shown by the low correlation coefficient. This result shows that lichen biodiversity indices may have a nonlinear relationship with the AQI_SO₂ index. These data are considered the scientific basis of research on using lichens as biological indicators of the air environment, specifically indicators of SO₂ content in the air in some provinces/cities in Northern of Vietnam.