Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Of The Spine: Report Of Two Clinical Cases

Abstract

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease characterized by abnormal proliferation of Langerhans-like cells, which can involve multiple organs. The skeletal system is the most commonly affected site, accounting for approximately 60–80% of cases, with spinal involvement reported in 6.5–25% and carrying a high risk of severe neurological complications. Imaging plays a crucial role in the detection and assessment of lesions, with characteristic findings including vertebra plana, lytic bone lesions with or without paravertebral soft-tissue masses, and typical signal changes on magnetic resonance imaging. However, because these features may overlap with other conditions such as infection or malignancy, histopathological biopsy remains the gold standard for definitive diagnosis.