Indirect impacts of war and conflict on national economic security

Abstract

War and conflict not only cause direct losses to the involved parties but also exert indirect impacts on the economic security of many other nations around the world. Any upheaval in a particular region affects international trade, energy, food, maritime transport, supply chains, and so on. The article clarifies the indirect impacts of war and conflict, and proposes solutions to enhance adaptive capacity and ensure national economic security in today’s highly volatile international environment.