Colonialism and its consequences for economic development in Africa

Abstract

This article focuses on clarifying the origins, characteristics, and development process of colonialism in Africa, while also analyzing the socio-economic consequences that this legacy has left for countries in their post-independence periods. The development of colonialism is characterized by three main features: its diversity, pervasiveness, and persistence, affecting all aspects of African life, from territorial divisions and political institutions to single-sector economic structures. As a result, post-independence African nations still face economic dependence, political instability, and challenges in their modernization efforts. The article concludes that, to achieve sustainable development, Africa needs to gradually overcome its colonial legacy, build a self-reliant economy, and establish an independent development order.