Theoretical foundations of coalition - building mechanisms in international relations

Abstract

The article develops a theoretical foundation for studying alignment mechanisms in contemporary international relations. It first clarifies and distinguishes three core concepts - “mechanism”, “alignment” and “alignment mechanism”- thereby defining alignment as a process of coordinating policies, resources and actions, while alignment mechanisms are the organizational and operational arrangements of that process. Drawing on Realist, Liberal and Constructivist approaches, the article explains the causes and conditions of alignment, combining threat perception, common interests, international institutions, strategic identity and elite perceptions. It then identifies four basic forms of alignment mechanisms - alliances, coalitions, linkages and strategic partnerships - placing them on a continuum of bindingness, institutionalization and commitment. Finally, the article analyses how alignment mechanisms affect state behavior, regional power structures, deterrence and risk management capacities, as well as soft power and strategic identity, thereby underscoring the central role of alignment in contemporary policy-making and in shaping regional and global order.