Phyllanthus amarus AMELIORATES CALCIUM OXALATE-INDUCED NEPHROLITHIASIS VIA ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY

Abstract

The effects of bio-active compounds in plants are shown to be based on their antioxidant capacity, which helps to reduce the damage caused by free radicals generated from the formation and development of urinary stones. Phyllanthus amarus extract contains a large amount of antioxidants that can play an important role in the adsorption and neutralization of free radicals. This antioxidant activity can largely be attributed to the phenolic and flavonoid components contained in the plant with concentrations of 438.13±16.37 (mg GAE/g extract) and 157.10±1.31 (mg QE/g extract), respectively. Oxidation resistance was evaluated through 4 methods DPPH, ABTS, RP, TAC, with EC₅₀ values of 129.74±3.05; 82.35±1.25; 196,03±6.66 and 40.32±2.78 µg/mL, respectively. Phyllanthus amarus extract reduced the denaturation of bovine serum albumin protein with an IC₅₀ of 1.52±0.28 mg/mL, 7.24 times lower than that of the standard diclofenac (0.21± 0.08 mg/mL). The nucleation of calcium oxalate crystals was inhibited by the extract of Phyllanthus amarus with IC₅₀ of 4.74±0.31 mg/mL. These results suggest that Phyllanthus amarus can be considered as a potential medicinal plant for the treatment of urinary stones.