Cofucian education at the private school system in villages of Dang Ngoai region in 17th anh 18th centuries
Abstract
The 17th and 18th centuries were a period when the Dai Viet (used to be known as a nation) had great changes in all aspects, most importantly the partition of the country into two regions: Dang Ngoai (the North) and Dang Trong (the South). That situation had a significant impact on all aspects of social life, including educational organizations in villages. Particularly in Dang Ngoai, besides teachers’ classes that existed commonly before, there were also various private schools opened by famous scholars who returned to their villages. In some villages, people voluntarily contributed their money and land to open private schools. Although the curriculum and educational activities of those schools were not as well regulated as public schools, they met locals’ learning needs, attracting a large number of Confucian students to participate in exams, producing many villages and families of academics whose names were recorded in history books.
