Determination of reverse flotation conditions using H3PO4 for the separation of apatite and dolomite in type II apatite ore – Lao Cai

Abstract

In the flotation processing of Type II apatite ore in the Lao Cai region, the complete separation of carbonate gangue minerals (such as dolomite and calcite) remains a major challenge due to their fine intergrowth and surface properties similar to those of apatite. This study focuses on replacing conventional collectors with a new selective collector, VH10, in combination with phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) as a depressant, in order to optimize the enrichment of P₂O₅. Based on flotation experiments conducted on low-grade run-of-mine ore samples, the paper systematically analyzes the influence of operating parameters on key technological indicators. The experimental results establish an optimal reagent regime, significantly improving recovery efficiency and concentrate quality compared with conventional flotation schemes.