LEGAL CHARACTERIZATION AND REGULATION OF CRYPTO-ASSETS IN VIETNAM AFTER THE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY LAW: TRANSITIONAL GAPS AND REFORM DIRECTIONS

Abstract

Since 2025, Vietnam has begun developing a legal framework for digital assets and the crypto-asset market. However, the current rules mainly regulate market activities and do not fully address ownership, control of cryptographic keys, transfer, custody, succession, insolvency and enforcement. This article identifies seven legal gaps and proposes a three-layer reform model covering property rights and transactions, market regulation, and enforcement and international cooperation. It emphasizes defining rights, duties and remedies for each token type and intermediary.