The Social Housing Development Model in Singapore (HDB Programme): An Analysis of Lessons Learned and the Potential for Application in Vietnam

Abstract

This article examines Singapore’s social housing development model under the Housing and Development Board (HDB) programme, with the aim of distilling relevant lessons and assessing its potential applicability to Vietnam. The study employs qualitative analysis and comparative policy review, complemented by expert consultation. The findings indicate that Vietnam currently features four social housing development models, in which the concentrated project-based model—particularly that financed through non-budgetary sources—plays a dominant role; however, it remains fragmented across individual projects and exhibits weaknesses in coordination and post-investment governance. By contrast, the HDB represents a state-led model with end-to-end stewardship, spanning integrated planning through to post-occupancy management. On this basis, the article proposes a hybrid approach oriented toward a “state-enabling–enterprise-delivering” model, focusing on: (i) proactive coordination of serviced land linked to social infrastructure and public transport; (ii) establishment of long-term financing mechanisms for social housing; and (iii) strengthening allocation oversight and resale restrictions to ensure equitable access and long-term sustainability.