4D flow MRI assessment of carotid artery and intracranial arteries

Abstract

Four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging is based on the principles of phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging, enabling the simultaneous visualization and quantification of blood flow patterns in vivo. This article highlights specific clinical situations that examined the hemodynamics of carotid arteries and cerebral arteries, demonstrating how 4D flow MRI complements standard vascular imaging techniques to enhance our understanding of the relationship between hemodynamic alterations and atherosclerotic diseases or stroke.