Evaluation of transarterial embolization outcomes in the treatment of renal trauma with arterial injuries

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to analyze the clinical, laboratory, and imaging characteristics of patients with renal trauma who underwent transarterial embolization. Additionally, it evaluates the outcomes of
embolization in the management of renal trauma.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 77 patients with renal trauma who underwent embolization at Viet Duc University Hospital from January 2021 to January 2025.
Results: Flank and lumbar pain were the most common symptoms, occurring in 84.5% of cases. Upon hospital admission, 81% of patients were hemodynamically stable. According to the 2019 World Society
of Emergency Surgery (WSES) classification, 17 (22.1%) cases were classified as grade II, 46 (59.7%) as grade III, and 14 (18.2%) as grade IV. Among the 36 patients requiring blood transfusion before intervention, the mean transfused volume was 3.2 ± 2.9 units. The technical success rate after the first embolization attempt was 96.1%, while the clinical success rate was 89.6%. Two patients (2.6%) required repeat embolization, and six patients (7.8%) underwent nephrectomy after embolization. The average hospital stay was 13.7 ± 10.6 days. Common minor complications included post-embolization fever (1.3%) and hematuria (7.8%). One patient (1.3%) died.
Conclusion: Transarterial embolization is a safe and effective treatment for renal trauma, achieving high success rates in non-surgical treatment of renal trauma. The 2019 WSES classification system aids in
guiding treatment strategies.