The Belt and Road in the Gulf: Geopolitical Dimensions of Special Economic Zones

Abstract

Abstract: The Gulf States have been seeking economic diversification strategies through Special Economic Zones (SEZs) to reduce dependence on oil and promote sustainable development. Within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), China has invested in several SEZs in the Gulf region. This article analyzes three typical cases: the China-Oman Industrial Park in Duqm, the petrochemical and chemical fiber project in Jazan (Saudi Arabia), and the China-UAE Industrial Park. Through case studies and document analysis, the research demonstrates that SEZs not only contribute to the Gulf States’ development goals but also enhance China’s geo-economic presence and geopolitical influence in the region.