Exterior materials: classification, properties, and application guidelines for architectural envelopes design

Abstract

Exterior materials play a significant role in defining the aesthetic, ensuring the durability, and determining the enclosure properties and energy efficiency of a building. This paper synthesizes existing methods of material classification and, based on the origin, composition, and characteristic properties of the materials, proposes a classification of common and potential exterior materials. In addition, the paper identifies the advantages and disadvantages of each material type, and proposes systematic and detailed principles and methods for their selection and application in the building's exterior envelope to enhance design effectiveness.