Barriers to the implementation of BIM and GIS integration in public infrastructure projects in Vietnam

Abstract

The integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is considered an inevitable trend to enhance management efficiency and promote the sustainable development of public construction projects. However, in Vietnam, the implementation of this integration still faces numerous barriers. This study adopts a qualitative research approach, combining a comprehensive literature review and expert interviews, to identify and analyze the barriers to BIM-GIS integration. The findings reveal five main groups of barriers: (1) technology and technical issues, (2) cost and financial constraints, (3) human resources and skills, (4) organizational and managerial challenges, and (5) legal and policy limitations. These barriers include system incompatibility, high initial investment costs, a shortage of skilled professionals, resistance to procedural changes, and the absence of a supportive legal framework. The study contributes by providing a clear classification system of barriers specific to the context of Vietnam and highlighting unique characteristics of the domestic market compared to international studies, aiming to promote the effective application of BIM-GIS integration in public infrastructure projects in Vietnam.