The relationship between childhood experiences and depression, anxiety, and stress among young adults in Vietnam

Abstract

Recent studies in Vietnam have emphasized the impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on mental health during adolescence and early adulthood. In addition, numerous international studies have also demonstrated the protective role of positive childhood experiences (PCEs) in buffering against the effects of ACEs. The present study was conducted on 274 individuals aged 18 to 30 in Vietnam to examine the associations between ACEs, PCEs, and the risk of depression, anxiety, and stress in early adulthood. Findings revealed that 88.7% of participants had experienced at least one ACE, while 67.5% reported having at least eight PCEs. Regarding mental health, the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms was notably high (60.2%, 77.0%, and 66.1%, respectively). Regression analysis revealed that ACEs and PCEs independently predicted mental health outcomes in early adulthood rather than interacting with each other. Specifically, ACEs increased the risk of depression, anxiety, and stress, whereas PCEs played a mitigating role in reducing these risks. Based on these findings, the study suggests that fostering PCEs in early developmental environments, alongside efforts to prevent ACEs, should be prioritized.