MEASURING THE DIGITAL ECONOMY: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE AND PRACTICES IN VIETNAM

Tóm tắt

The global shift towards a digital economy requires accurate measurement tools to guide policy and promote sustainable development. This study synthesizes theoretical frameworks from the OECD, the United States, China, the EU, and ASEAN to assess their applicability in Vietnam. Vietnam's digital economy is developing rapidly, with e-commerce reaching US$16.4 billion and cashless payments accounting for 65% in 2023. However, measurement faces challenges: inconsistent definitions, limited data, methodological gaps, and weak coordination. Current indicators lack standardization and overlook cross-border flows. The study proposes a multidimensional framework integrating traditional statistics with big data, and building a Digital Economy Satellite Account within the National Accounts System. The framework is structured along three axes: input (80% 5G coverage by 2027), process (70% of public services digitized by 2028), and output (contributing 20% of GDP by 2030), encompassing three core sectors, supporting and facilitating digital transformation. Based on the research results, it is recommended to enact a Digital Economy Law and enhance statistical capacity. The framework helps accurately quantify the contribution of the digital economy, aligning with ASEAN's $1 trillion target by 2030.