Strengthening the legal framework for sustainable tidal energy development in marine management: International experience and recommendations for Vietnam

Abstract

Sustainable tidal energy is a form of renewable energy harnessed from the oscillation of sea levels caused by the gravitational forces between the Earth, the Moon, and the Sun. It is characterized by its stable periodicity, low emissions, and limited environmental impacts when deployed in a well-regulated manner. In many countries, including the European Union, Canada, and China, a relatively comprehensive legal framework has been established, encompassing clear licensing mechanisms, specialized environmental impact assessments, and financial incentive policies.