The impact of attitudes toward sexually appeal advertisements on purchase intentions of consumers in Ho Chi Minh City: Perspectives from feminist aspects

Các tác giả

  • Khanh Ngan Nguyen
  • Dinh Nghi Le

Từ khóa

conservative feminism, liberal feminism, moral judgment, radical feminism, sexually appealing advertisements

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46223/HCMCOUJS.econ.en.16.4.3995.2026

Tóm tắt

This paper aims to analyze the diverse aspects of consumer feminism that may influence consumers’ evaluation of sexually appealing advertisements in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, a country with Eastern cultural foundations. Data were collected from 300 participants who had encountered sexually appealing advertisements and analyzed using structural equation modeling in SmartPLS software. The results reaffirmed the impact of feminist aspects from prior studies but also revealed that consumers with conservative and liberal feminist views tend to rate sexually appealing advertisements more favorably and perceive them as more ethical compared to those with radical feminist perspectives. Thus, their attitudes toward sexually appealing advertisements influence their purchase intentions. To our best understanding, this is the first study to examine how diverse feminist perspectives shape responses to gender-appealing advertisements.

Lượt tải

Chưa có dữ liệu tải xuống.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Alif, M., & Vigari, Y. (2019). Sex appeal ad and materialism: A comparison of young consumer attitude and purchase intention in France and Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.6-12-2018.2286286

Angelique, H. L., & Culley, M. R. (2003). Feminism found: An examination of gender consciousness in community psychology. Journal of Community Psychology, 31(3), 189-209. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.10050

Bastos, P. F. de C. C. (2022). “Sex sells”, but who’s buying? The effect of sexual appeals on purchase intention in influencer marketing [Master’s thesis, Católica Porto Business School]. https://repositorio.ucp.pt/bitstream/10400.14/40643/1/203222920.pdf

Batra, R., & Ray, M. (1986). Affective responses mediating acceptance of advertising. Journal of Consumer Research, 13(2), 234-249. https://doi.org/10.1086/209063

Bay-Cheng, L. Y., Fitz, C. C., Alizaga, N. M., & Zucker, A. N. (2015). Tracking homo oeconomicus: Development of the neoliberal beliefs inventory. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 3(1), 71-88. https://doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v3i1.366

Biel A. L. B. C. (1990). Attributes of likeable television commercials in Asia. Journal of Advertising Research, 30(3), 38-44.

Bond, M. A., & Mulvey, A. (2000). A history of women and feminist perspectives in community psychology. American Journal of Community Psychology, 28(5), 599-630. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005141619462

Brito-Rhor, M. D., Rodríguez-Herráez, B., & Chachalo-Carvajal, G. P. (2019). Does the intensity of sexual stimuli and feminism influence the attitudes of consumers toward sexual appeals and ethical judgment? An Ecuadorian perspective. Revista de Comunicación de La SEECI, (48), 45-63. https://doi.org/10.15198/seeci.2019.48.45-63

Brunell, L., & Burkett, E. (2020). Feminism. Encyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.Britannica.Com/Topic/Feminism[Cit.2.2.2017]

Byrne, B. M. (2013). Structural equation modeling with lisrel, prelis, and simplis. Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203774762

Chang, Y., & Lee, J. (2020). The effects of regulatory focus and gender on responses to sexual appeal advertising. International Journal of Advertising, 39(6), 832-852. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2019.1681493

Choi, H., Yoo, K., Reichert, T., & LaTour, M. S. (2016). Do feminists still respond negatively to female nudity in advertising? Investigating the influence of feminist attitudes on reactions to sexual appeals. International Journal of Advertising, 35(5), 823-845. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2016.1151851

Dadwal, S. S., Jamal, A., Harris, T., Brown, G., & Raudhah, S. (2020). Technology and sharing economy-based business models for marketing to connected consumers. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0131-3.ch004

Descouens, M., & Gerbault, V. (2021). Generation Y’s attitude towards femvertising in cosmetics: Women empowerment or purplewashing? A mono-method qualitative study [Master’s thesis, Umeå University]. http://umu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1572017/FULLTEXT01.pdf

Diamantopoulos, A., & Siguaw, J. A. (2000). Assessment of model fit. In A. Diamantopoulos & J. A. Siguaw (Eds.), Introducing LISREL a guide for the uninitiated (pp. 82-101). Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781849209359.n7

Dianoux, C., & Linhart, Z. (2010). The effectiveness of female nudity in advertising in three European countries. International Marketing Review, 27(5), 562-578. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651331011076590

Donovan, J. (2012). Feminist theory, fourth edition: The intellectual traditions. Continuum International Publishing. https://books.google.com.vn/books?id=bFbP0DawYPAC

Drumwright, M. E., & Murphy, P. E. (2004). How advertising practitioners view ethics : Moral muteness, moral myopia, and moral imagination. Journal of Advertising, 33(2), 7-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2004.10639158

Dworkin, A. (1993). Prostitution and male supremacy. Michigan Journal of Gender & Law, 1(1), 1-12.

Eagly, A. H., & Chaiken, S. (2007). The advantages of an inclusive definition of attitude. Social Cognition, 25(5), 582-602. https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2007.25.5.582

Eisend, M., & Hermann, E. (2019). Consumer responses to homosexual imagery in advertising: A meta-analysis. Journal of Advertising, 48(4), 380-400. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2019.1628676

Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behaviour: An introduction to theory and research (vol. 27). Addison-Wesley.

Ford & LaTour. (1993). Differing reactions to female role portrayals in advertising. Journal of Advertising Research, 33, 43-43.

Fraedrich, J., & Ferrell, O. C. (1992). Cognitive consistency of marketing managers in ethical situations. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 20(3), 245-252. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02723411

Gabrina, I., & Gayatri, G. (2023). Attitude toward femvertising: Antecedents and consequences. Asian Journal of Engineering, Social and Health, 2(5), 301-312. https://doi.org/10.46799/ajesh.v2i5.59

Guy-Evans, O. (2023). Feminist theory in sociology: Deinition, types & principles. https://simplysociology.com/feminist-theory-sociology.html#Criticisms

Gill, R. (2008). Empowerment/sexism: Figuring female sexual agency in contemporary advertising. Feminism & Psychology, 18(1), 35-60. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959353507084950

Ha, L., & McCann, K. (2008). An integrated model of advertising clutter in offline and online media. International Journal of Advertising, 27(4), 569-592. https://doi.org/10.2501/S0265048708080153

Haider, T., & Shakib, S. (2016). A study on the influences of advertisement on consumer buying behavior. Business Studies Journal, 9(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.2991/sschd-16.2016.84

Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., & Anderson, R. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective (vol. 7). Pearson.

Haley, R. I., & Baldinger, A. L. (1991). The ARF copy research validity project. Journal of Advertising Research, 31(2), 11-32.

Henley, N. M., Meng, K., O’Brien, D., McCarthy, W. J., & Sockloskie, R. J. (1998). Developing a scale to measure the diversity of feminist attitudes. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 22(3), 317-348. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1998.tb00158.x

Henley, N. M., Spalding, L. R., & Kosta, A. (2000). Development of the short form of the feminist perspectives scale. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 24(3), 254-256. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2000.tb00207.x

Hooks, B. (2000). Feminist politics. Where we stand. In B. Hooks (Ed), Feminism is for everybody: Passionate politics (pp. 1-6). South End Press.

Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118

Huber, R., & Lindgren, L. (2018). Sexual objectification of women in advertisements: The influence of consumer attitudes on Brand image [Master’s thesis, Lund University]. https://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=8948893&fileOId=8948903

Hunt, S. D., & Vitell, S. J. (1986). A general theory of marketing ethics. Journal of Macromarketing, 6(1), 5-16.

Hunt, S. D., & Vitell, S. J. (2006). The general theory of marketing ethics: A revision and three questions. Journal of Macromarketing, 26(2), 143-153. https://doi.org/10.1177/0276146706290923

Jaggar, A. M. (1983). Feminist politics and human nature. Rowman & Littlefield.

Johnson, H. (2007). Feminist anthropology. In G. Ritzer (Ed.), The Blackwell encyclopedia of sociology. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405165518.wbeosf039

Johnston, K. A., & Taylor, M. (2018). Engagement as communication. In The Handbook of communication engagement (pp. 1-15). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119167600.ch1

Kim, S. K., & McCann, C. R. (2017). Feminist theories. In K. O. Korgen (Ed.), The Cambridge handbook of sociology: Specialty and interdisciplinary studies (vol. 2, pp. 73-81). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316418369.009

Kirmani, A., & Campbell, M. C. (2009). Taking the target’s perspective: The Persuasion Knowledge Model. In M. Wänke (Ed.), Social psychology of consumer behavior (pp. 297-316). Psychology Press.

Lafferty, B., Goldsmith, R., & Newell, S. (2002). The dual credibility model: The influence of corporate and endorser credibility on attitudes and purchase intentions. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 10(3), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/10696679.2002.11501916

LaTour, M. S., & Henthorne, T. L. (1994). Ethical judgments of sexual appeals in print advertising. Journal of Advertising, 23(3), 81-90. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.1994.10673453

Lavine, H., Sweeney, D., & Wagner, S. H. (1999). Depicting women as sex objects in television advertising: Effects on body dissatisfaction. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25(8), 1049-1058. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672992511012

Lutz, R. J., MacKenzie, S. B., & Belch, G. E. (1983). Attitude toward the ad as a mediator of advertising effectiveness: Determinants and consequences. Advances in Consumer Research, 10(2), 532-539. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378602300205

Maccoby, N. (1962). Social judgment: Assimilation and contrast effects in communication and attitude change. American Journal of Sociology, 68(1), 126-127. https://doi.org/10.1086/223278

MacKenzie, S., & Lutz, R. (1989). An empirical examination of the structural antecedents of attitude toward the ad in an advertising pretesting context. The Journal of Marketing, 53(2), 48-65. https://doi.org/10.2307/1251413

Mehta, A. (2000). Advertising attitudes and advertising effectives. Journal of Advertising Research, 40(3), 67-72. https://doi.org/10.2501/JAR-40-3-67-72

Meyers, D. T. (2016). Autonomy, gender, and identity. Routledge.

Mittal, B., & Lassar, W. M. (2000). Sexual liberalism as a determinant of consumer response to sex in advertising. Journal of Business and Psychology, 15(1), 111-127. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007723003376

Nusantara, A. C., & Haryanto, B. (2018). The influence of sex appeal on consumers attitude toward the ads moderated by product factors. Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen, 9(2), 250-258. https://doi.org/10.15294/jdm.v9i2.15938

Putrevu, S., & Swimberghek, K. (2013). The influence of religiosity on consumer ethical judgments and responses toward sexual appeals. Journal of Business Ethics, 115(2), 351-365.

Reichert, T., Heckler, S. E., & Jackson, S. (2001). The effects of sexual social marketing appeals on cognitive processing and persuasion. Journal of Advertising, 30(1), 13-27.

Reichert, T., LaTour, M., & Ford, J. (2011). The naked truth: Revealing the affinity for graphic sexual appeals in advertising. Journal of Advertising Research, 51(2), Article 436. https://doi.org/10.2501/JAR-51-2-436-448

Richmond, D., & Hartman, T. P. (1982). Sex appeal in advertising. Journal of Advertising Research, 22(5), 53-60.

Smith, K. T. (2011). Digital marketing strategies that Millennials find appealing, motivating, or just annoying. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 19(6), 489-499. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2011.581383

Speck, P. S., & Elliott, M. T. (1997). Predictors of advertising avoidance in print and broadcast media. Journal of Advertising, 26(3), 61-76. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.1997.10673529

Thiyagarajan, S., Shanthi, P., & Naresh, G. (2012). Viewers’ perception of TV ads: The role of sex appeal. Journal of Psychology Research, 2(8), 452-460. https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5542/2012.08.002

Vlastelica, T. (2007). Media campaign-publicity and advertising. Belgrade.

Wan, W. W. N., Luk, C. L., & Chow, C. W. C. (2014). Consumer responses to sexual advertising: The intersection of modernization, evolution, and international marketing. Journal of International Business Studies, 45(6), 751-782. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2014.18

Williams, C. L., & Heikes, E. J. (1993). The importance of researcher’s gender in the in-depth interview. Gender & Society, 7(2), 280-291. https://doi.org/10.1177/089124393007002008

Williams, J. C., & Jovanovic, J. (2015). Third wave feminism and emerging adult sexuality: Friends with benefits relationships. Sexuality & Culture, 19(1), 157-171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-014-9252-3

Wirtz, J. G., Sparks, J. V., & Zimbres, T. M. (2018). The effect of exposure to sexual appeals in advertisements on memory, attitude, and purchase intention: A meta-analytic review. International Journal of Advertising, 37(2), 168-198. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2017.1334996

Zanna, M. P., & Rempel, J. K. (1988). Attitudes: A new look at an old flame. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (vol. 21, pp. 155-230). Academic Press.

Lượt tải xuống

Đã Xuất bản

2025-08-10

Số

Chuyên mục

Article