Theoretical Framework for Economic Growth of Its Impact on CO2 Emissions through Emerging Markets

Abstract

CO2 emission is seen as an urgent problem in emerging economies because these countries are in economic integration. The study applied the environmental Kuznets curve theory with the hypothesis of "the pollution heaven" and "the pollution halo" to explore the relationship between economic integration and CO2 emissions with the combination of institutional factors. The research shows that the Kuznets curve theory, international trade, foreign direct investment, and institutions are important determinants of CO2 emissions in emerging economies in many empirical studies.