CULTURAL DIPLOMACY AND SOFT POWER OF MIDDLE POWERS: THE CASE OF SOUTH KOREA

DOI: 10.18173/2354-1067.2025-0008

Abstract

Based on the theoretical framework of soft power predominantly employed by middle powers, this article elucidates South Korea's implementation of cultural diplomacy as an effective mechanism for enhancing its status and influence in global politics. Notable recent achievements of South Korea's cultural diplomacy include the proliferation of the Korean Wave (Hallyu), the establishment of Korean cultural centers, engagement in multilateral cultural cooperation, and contributions to education and culture. This cultural diplomacy serves as a pivotal component that enables South Korea to transcend limitations associated with territorial size, population, and military strength, thereby crafting an image of a dynamic and modern nation. This national image serves as a vital foundation for establishing sustainable diplomatic relations worldwide. Furthermore, the South Korean case illustrates that the efficacy of cultural diplomacy is contingent upon a nation's ability to strategically leverage soft power, cultivate trust, and promote its distinctive cultural identity.