Refrigerants for heat pumps and concrete applications

Abstract

The article introduces 3 types of refrigerants used for heat pumps. The first type is environmentally friendly (refrigerants of 4th generation). The second type is the commonly used for normal heat pumps at medium temperature (air or hot water outlet temperature 50 ÷ 60^oC). And the third type is for heat pumps at high temperatures (80 ÷ 90^oC) as well as very high (120 ÷ 165^oC). The article also introduces concrete cycles as well as specific products and applications in the home, commercial and industrial areas.