Municipal solid waste management in the two-tier local govern ment model: Challenges, difficulties and recommended solutions

Abstract

The institutional reform, the merger of localities and the re-organisation of administrative apparatuses into the two-tier local government model have appeared to be at the center of change recently, bringing in relatively positive change in both political and social life in Viet Nam. Given that, the transition process has also posed certain challenges and introduced new requirements for environmental protection in general, and solid waste management in particular. This paper analyses local solid waste management activities, comparing that in the context of three-tier with two-tier local government models; identifying advantages, difficulties, and obstacles encountered during the transition; and then proposes solutions to meet better to the new institutional context.