Livelihood Sustainability and Gendered Dimensions in the Fishery Sector: A Case Study in Giao Thuy District, Nam Dinh Province

Abstract

This study investigates livelihood sustainability and gender dimensions in the fishery sector of Giao Thuy district, northern Vietnam, using the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF) with a gender-sensitive approach. Based on household surveys and in-depth interviews, a Sustainable Livelihood Capital Index (SLCI) was developed to evaluate disparities across five livelihood capitals. Findings show that while physical capital remains stable, natural and financial capitals are increasingly constrained by resource depletion and restricted access to formal credit. Social capital plays a dual role: it strengthens adaptive capacity through women’s networks and microcredit groups but also reinforces gendered inequalities in professional associations and decision-making. Women contribute significantly to trading, processing, and household reproduction, yet their roles remain undervalued compared to men’s dominance in capture fisheries and governance. The study argues that livelihood sustainability must consider gender-equitable access to resources and participation. Policy recommendations highlight gender-responsive credit, recognition of women’s contributions, and institutional reforms for inclusive coastal livelihoods.