The factors influencing the hydrodistillation process and determination of chemical composition, antibacterial activity of essential oils from the roots and leaves of Premna serratifolia L.

Abstract

This study aims to investigate and evaluate the effects of factors such as time, NaCl concentration, and the volume of NaCl solution on the process of distilling essential oil from the leaves and roots of Premna serratifolia L. harvested in the Sa Dec - Dong Thap region. Using the essential oil quantification method under the Vietnamese Pharmacopoeia V, the appropriate parameters for oil separation from leaves and roots are as follows: time range 30-45 minutes, NaCl concentration 5-10%, and a solvent-to-material ratio 5:3 for leaves and 2:1 for cajeput roots. The analysis results using GC/MS method reveal that the distilled essential oil contains 1-octene-3-ol (19.01%), phytol (23.46%), and linalool (16.59%). The oil from roots mainly belongs to the sesquiterpene group (humulenol-II, α-selinene, ageratriol) and sesquiterpenoid group (caryophyllene oxide, spathulenol). Meanwhile, both the leaf and root oils demonstrate strong-to-moderate antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and moderate antifungal activities against Candida albicans, but a weak antibacterial one against Escherichia coli.