Protecting workers' rights during probation: Legal challenges amid industrial zone expansion in Viet Nam

Abstract

This study evaluates the mechanisms for protecting workers during the probationary period in the context of industrial zone expansion. Through normative analysis and literature synthesis, it systematizes the legal framework and clarifies social security obligations. The research identifies four major risks: the extension or repetition of probation, avoidance of social insurance through contract splitting or delay, inadequate workplace safety and training, and limited avenues for grievance and dialogue. Based on these findings, the study proposes measures such as standardizing the content, duration, and evaluation criteria of probation; mandating social insurance contributions from the date of contract signing when probation is part of the employment contract; implementing risk-based enforcement at the industrial zone level via electronic registration; enhancing enterprise compliance practices; and empowering workers through digital feedback and institutionalized dialogue mechanisms. These recommendations aim to promote greater transparency and fairness in labor policy.