Application of Sentinel-2 satellite data on Google Earth Engine platform in evaluating urban green space in Thanh Hoa city, Thanh Hoa province

Abstract

Green spaces play a crucial role in improving the urban environment. However, due to urbanization, the area of urban green spaces tends to shrink. This study utilizes Sentinel-2 satellite data and machine learning algorithms to assess the changes in urban green spaces in Thanh Hoa city, Thanh Hoa province. Sentinel-2 MSI satellite imagery data from 2016, 2020, and 2024 were used to calculate vegetation indices, and then classify urban green spaces using various machine learning algorithms. The results indicate a significant decrease in the area of urban green spaces in Thanh Hoa city during the period from 2016 to 2024, dropping from 58.06 % of the total study area in 2016 to 49.56 % in 2020 and 32.02 % in 2024. The findings of this study provide important input information to assist managers in planning and sustainably developing urban green spaces.