8. Current status of pesticide use and environmental risks in triple-rice cultivation in Tan Long commune, Dong Thap province

Abstract

This study comprehensively assesses the current status of pesticide use and environmental risks in triple-rice cropping systems in Tan Long commune, Dong Thap province through a survey of 30 households. The results showed a diverse list of pesticide active ingredients used by farmers, with an average spraying frequency of 3.52 times/season for insecticides and 3.62 times/season for fungicides. Notably, 90.9 % of insecticide applications and 88.2 % of fungicide applications exceeded recommended dosages. Highly toxic active ingredients in groups Ib, and II according to the WHO classification such as Fipronil, Chlorpyrifos Ethyl, and Cypermethrin remain commonly used. Safe practices in the use of pesticides are still limited: Only 43.3 % of households are equipped with labor protective equipment, and 40 % adhere to pre-harvest intervals. Improper disposal of pesticide containers is prevalent, with 43,3 % of farmers burning the packaging after use. The Environmental Impact Quotient (EIQ) analysis showed a very high risk level, with the total average field EIQ for pesticides on rice being 250.60. Of which, the insecticide group accounted for the majority (total average EIQ = 215.85), especially Fipronil with a total average EIQ = 571.33. The study warns of significant risks to human health and the environment, emphasizing the need for interventions to raise awareness, change behavior, and promote sustainable agriculture.