NGHIÊN CỨU PHÂN TÍCH VÀ ĐÁNH GIÁ HÀM LƯỢNG CỦA PHTHALATES, SILOXANES VÀ POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS TRONG MẪU BỤI LẮNG TẠI MỘT SỐ KHU VỰC Ở MIỀN BẮC VIỆT NAM

Tóm tắt

Settled dust is a sink for semivolatile organic pollutants and serves as a significant source of human
exposure to these substances. Simultaneous analysis of multiple organic pollutant classes in settled dust is a
research topic of increasing interest. In Vietnam, studies on the co-occurrence of various groups of organic
pollutants in settled dust are still very limited. In this works, concentrations of 9 phthalates, 4 siloxanes, and
8 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) was analyzed in settled dust samples collected from some waste
recycling and urban areas in northern Vietnam. The dust sample was subsequently extracted with acetone
and acetone/hexane (1:1, v/v) using a focused ultrasonic processor. The extract was cleaned up using a
solid-phase extraction cartridge containing C18 sorbent (for phthalates and siloxanes) and silica gel (for
PBDEs). The pollutants were analyzed by a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) system
operated in selective ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Phthalates, siloxanes, and PBDEs are common organic
pollutants detected in dust samples from urban areas and waste recycling areas in northern Vietnam.
Concentration ranges of phthalates, siloxanes, and PBDEs were 9200–109000, 240–5100, and 72–182000
ng/g, respectively. The analytical results showed that the e-waste recycling areas were potential sources of
PBDEs. Meanwhile, the contamination levels of phthalates and siloxanes did not differ significantly between
areas. Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) was the most predominant phthalate and accounted for 23% to 87%
(average 63%) of total phthalates. For siloxane group, the proportions of substances decreased in the
order: D5 (average 41%, 22%–69%) > D4 (25%, 9%–49%)  D6 (24%, 8%–39%) > D3 (10%, 3%–41%).
BDE-209 accounted for an average proportion of 93% of the total PBDEs. The relatively high
concentrations of PBDEs and phthalates in the dust samples from the e-waste workshops might lead to
considerable human exposure to these pollutants in recycling workers and residents of this area, suggesting
the need for proper monitoring and pollution control strategies.