Ô NHIỄM VI NHỰA Ở VIỆT NAM: THỰC TRẠNG VÀ PHƯƠNG PHÁP XỬ LÝ

Tóm tắt

In recent years, microplastic pollution in Vietnam has become a serious issue, particularly due to the
increasing amount of non-biodegradable plastic waste, along with the fast processes of urbanization and
population growth. Microplastics, with a size of < 5 mm, mainly originated from the degradation of larger
plastic products, directly affecting ecosystems and human health. Although research on microplastic
pollution has been carried out extensively, microplastics treatment methods, especially in the water supply
and drainage systems, remain limited. This paper focused on surveying the current status of microplastic
pollution in water supply and drainage systems, including surface water and sediments, while evaluating the
effectiveness of existing treatment methods in wastewater treatment plants. The results showed that
microplastics primarily exist in the form of fibers and fragments, with higher concentrations in areas with
dense populations and industrial activities. Although traditional treatment methods such as activated sludge
and coagulation were effective, they were not sufficient to completely remove microplastics, particularly the
smaller particles. Therefore, advanced treatment methods such as membrane filtration, electrochemical
treatment, and adsorption using biochar showed high potential and should be further developed to reduce
microplastic pollution in water supply and drainage systems, thereby protecting the environment and public
health.