DISTRIBUTION OF SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS (SNPs) OF Y CHROMOSOME HAPLOGROUP C IN VIETNAMESE
Abstract
Markers on the non-recombining portion of the human Y chromosome continue to have applications in many fields including evolutionary biology, forensics, medical genetics, and genealogical reconstruction. Y-chromosome haplogroup C appears to have arisen shortly after modem humans left Africa and is estimated to be approximately 50,000 years old. This haplogroup can be ttaced across the southem Arabian Peninsula through Pakistan and India into Sri Lanka and Austtalia, and Southeast Asia. Paragroup (C*) is found on the Indian subcontinent, Sri Lanka, and in parts of South East Asia. The rare Cl lineage appears to be restricted to Japan. C2 is found predominantly in New Guinea, Melanesia, and Polynesia. The successful C3 lineage is believed to have originated in Southeast or Centtal Asia, spreading from there into Northem Asia and the America. To investigate a disttibution of Y chromosome variation in Vietnamese, three SNP markers C-M38, C-M216, and C-M217, belonging to haplogroups C2, C, and C3, respectively, were typed in 280 male samples
from Kinh (Viet) ethnic group living in the North Vietnam. Of samples genotyped, marker C-M38, with T->G ttansversion at polymorphism site, 8 samples presented as G with disttibution frequency of 2.85%. Eight samples presented as T at the polymorphism site by C-M216 marker, with C->T ttansition with distribution frequency of 2.85%. Thirty samples presented as C at polymorphism site by C-M217 marker (with A->C ttansversion), with 10.7% frequency. The distribution frequency of the haplogroup C3 of Y chromosome in Vietnamese was relatively high, while the C and C2 were quite low in the Kinh (Viet) ethnic group living in the North Vietnam.