Đánh giá đặc tính và tiềm năng ứng dụng của tro đốt chất thải y tế trong sản xuất vật liệu xây dựng tại Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh

Abstract

Medical waste in Ho Chi Minh City has been rapidly increasing, averaging 33 tons per day from over 8,000 healthcare facilities, placing significant pressure on the treatment system (Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Ho Chi Minh City, 2024). The CITENCO company currently incinerates hazardous medical waste using a two-stage combustion technology with a capacity of 14 -21 tons per day (Citenco, n.d.). Analysis of bottom ash samples collected between 2023 and 2024 indicates that the material is environmentally safe, containing fluoride concentrations of 2.42 - 2.80 mg/L, non-detectable heavy metals, and chloride levels of 1.80-1.93%. The ash was successfully reused to produce non-fired bricks with a compressive strength of 2.0 MPa, water absorption of 10 - 12%, and a shape coefficient of 0.96. The findings suggest that Ho Chi Minh City could potentially produce 9,996 - 10,995 bricks per day, thereby reducing landfill demand, conserving natural resources, and promoting the development of a circular economy.