THE CTLA-4 AND PD-1 BLOCKADE PATHWAY IN CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY

Abstract

Cancer is one of the top ten causes of death worldwide. With the goal of searching new methods of cancer treatment, we have approached cancer immunotherapy. In recent years, cancer immunotherapy has been a "breakthrough" in the treatment of cancer, in particular, the method of inhibiting the immune checkpoint is a promising direction. Checkpoints are surface receptors that regulate cell signals and inhibit the immune activity of T lymphocytes, but they can be exploited by tumors to create an immunosuppressive state for allow tumors to grow. When we using the method of inhibit immune checkpoint CTLA-4 and PD-1 then tumors reduce their growth significantly. That has opened up a potential new direction for clinicians in choosing new, effective cancer treatments in specific cases.