The Role of state-level energy policies in green transition and economic growth in the United States: Lessons for Vietnam

Abstract

Climate change and the imperatives of sustainable development have catalyzed a global energy transition from fossil fuels toward low-emission and renewable energy sources. This process serves not only environmental objectives but also unlocks economic opportunities through job creation, technological innovation and investment attraction. In the United States, alongside federal policies, state and local governments play a crucial role in shaping green energy strategies. Many states have pioneered energy transition policies aimed at carbon emission reduction and increasing renewable energy consumption, while simultaneously driving economic growth and "green" employment. Within the scope of this research, the article analyzes the global context of energy transition and the significance of subnational policies. It provides an overview of state-level energy policies in the U.S., draws comparisons with practices in Vietnam and subsequently proposes solutions to develop a comprehensive policy framework for Vietnam.