Accuracy of Bladder scanner: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of Bladder Scanner (BS) through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Subjects and Methods: The results from studies on the accuracy of BS in bladder volume measurement on PubMed from 1986 to 2024. Results: The overall MD of BS compared to the reference standard was 22.98 mL (95% CI: 12.08 – 33.87 mL). Most of the studies had similar weights in the meta-analysis (Weight: 3 – 4%), and there was significant heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 99.89%, p < 0.05). When subgroup analysis by age group was performed, the MD in children was 12.07 mL lower than that in adults of 25.96 (p = 0.12). When subgroup analysis by indications was performed, the MD in PVR volume measurement was 17,71 mL, measuring bladder volume at bladder retention was 13.2 mL; when measuring bladder volume during pelvic radiotherapy was 27.52 mL. When subgroup analysis by reference measurement standard was performed, the largest MD compared to the volume of urine obtained by catheterization was 25.04 mL; the smallest was 12.84 mL when compared to ultrasound. Conclusion: The Bladder Scanner can be used to measure bladder urine volume in clinical practice with acceptable accuracy, with an average difference of 23 mL.