Current situation of iron deficiency anemia and related factors among Pregnant Women Attending Hai Phong Obstetric Hospital in 2024–2025

Abstract

Iron-deficiency anemia is a common condition among pregnant women and can lead to serious consequences for both the mother and fetus, such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and impaired fetal development. Various factors such as nutrition, dietary habits, and micronutrient supplementation may influence this condition. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia and its associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Hai Phong Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 264 pregnant women who came for antenatal checkups at the hospital from November 2024 to April 2025. Anemia was defined as a hemoglobin concentration <110 g/L, and iron deficiency as a serum ferritin level <15 ng/mL. Data were collected through interviews and laboratory tests and analyzed using SPSS version 20. The results showed that the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women was 23.1%, of which 42.6% had iron-deficiency anemia. The risk of anemia was significantly higher in women in the third trimester (p = 0.03), those with poor dietary intake (p < 0.001), those not taking iron supplements (p < 0.001), and those with the habit of consuming tea/coffee (p = 0.001). In contrast, factors such as maternal age, parity, occupation, education level, and place of residence were not statistically associated with iron-deficiency anemia. These findings indicate that iron-deficiency anemia remains prevalent among pregnant women, highlighting the need for enhanced nutritional counseling and monitoring of iron supplementation during pregnancy.