THE SPIRIT OF NATIONAL SELF-STRENGTHENING OF VIETNAMESE PATRIOTIC INTELLECTUALS IN THE LATE 19TH CENTURY AND THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY

Abstract

In the patriotic movement in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the intellectuals were the pioneering class in eliminating outdated thoughts, promoting the spirit of national self-strengthening; and some people suggested that, in order to be able to strengthen the nation, it is necessary to improve the people’s knowledge, awaken the patriotism and independent spirit of the whole nation towards the national liberation. These ideas not only create a turning point in Vietnamese history, but also left valuable lesson for further enhancing the national self-strengthening in the Fourth Industrial Revolution.