Biến đổi sinh kế của người Hmông ở huyện Kỳ Sơn, tỉnh Nghệ An

Abstract

There are 26,184 Hmông people in Kỳ Sơn district, accounting for 33.6% of the district’s population. Before 1991, the livelihood of this ethnic minority group relied on farming, animal husbandry and some handicrafts which all were on a self-sufficient basis. From 1991 to present, the livelihood of the Hmông people has changed a lot. Regarding agriculture, the Hmông people have learnt how to utilize scientific and technical advances, so their crop productivity and output are stable. The appearance of animal husbandry and fruit tree production models have become standards for other ethnic minority groups to follow. To alleviate the poverty, the Hmông people also have new forms of livelihood such as “becoming factory workers”, pursuing online business, working as hired labors, and opening homestay services. Thanks to such forms, the living standards of the Hmông people have improved, and many families can buy expensive items such as motorbikes, electric generators, grinders, etc. Changes in livelihoods have brought practical benefits, contributing to improving living standards and reducing poverty rates in the community.