Ruby and Sapphire in Vietnam: Potential and challenges in research and development

Abstract

Vietnam is endowed with abundant corundum gemstone resources, including ruby and sapphire, with diverse quality, color, and distribution. Major gemstone mines such as Luc Yen (Yen Bai), Quy Chau (Nghe An), and some areas in the Central Highlands like Dak Nong and Lam Dong have supplied thousands of carats to both domestic and international markets, significantly contributing to local economies. However, the gemstone industry in Vietnam has not yet fully realized its potential. Mining activities remain largely spontaneous, small-scale, and lack proper planning and environmental oversight. Furthermore, gemstone processing is underdeveloped, technological levels are inconsistent, and no strong international brand has been established. This paper systematically analyzes the current state of corundum resources in Vietnam, their distribution characteristics, development potential, and shortcomings in sourcing, processing, and trade. It then proposes strategic directions to sustainably develop the gemstone sector, enhance the value chain, and integrate with geotourism and national branding in the new era of global integration.