Đề xuất cơ chế chi trả dịch vụ hấp thụ và lưu giữ các-bon của hệ sinh thái biển và đất ngập nước tại Việt Nam

Abstract

Ecosystem services play an important role in the economic development, livelihoods and health of the community. However, those who maintain and protect to create environmental services or ESS services have not enjoyed the benefits worthy of their efforts. On the contrary, those who benefit from ecosystem services have not paid for the services they receive, thus affecting the attitudes of those who maintain and develop the types of services that ecosystem provides. Therefore, it is urgent to study the mechanism and program to pilot the payment for natural ecosystems for the purpose of carbon absorption and storage of marine and wetland ecosystems in Vietnam. The study uses the method of document review, synthesis, comparison, analysis; consultation with experts and stakeholders; analysis of strengths - weaknesses, opportunities - challenges (SWOT). Based on the theoretical basis and international experience in payment for ecosystem services, also known as payment for environmental services (PES), as well as experiences in implementing the policy of payment for forest environmental services (PFES) in Vietnam, the authors proposes a payment mechanism for carbon sequestration and storage services of marine and wetland ecosystems in Vietnam, focusing on 6 aspects: (i) Values of carbon sequestration and storage services of marine and wetland ecosystems; (ii) Determining party/ies that should pay for the serivices or the beneficiary; (iii) Determining the party/ies that receives the payment or the service provider; (iv) Determining levl of payment; (v) Determining the mode of payment; (vi) Determining the way of using the payment.